摘要:生态敏感性是生态系统对自然环境变化和人类活动干扰的反映程度及生态环境问题发生难易程度和可能性大小的重要因素之一。以中国西北地区典型的干旱内陆河流域-石羊河流域为例，通过借鉴前人研究成果及实地调查研究，将石羊河流域生态敏感性分为生态风险敏感性、水土流失敏感性和生物多样性敏感性三个方面，并系统构建生态风险敏感性指数、水土流失敏感性指数和生物多样性敏感性指数三个定量评价指标，对石羊河流域综合生态敏感性进行研究。并通过格网编码、圈层分析，探讨近30年石羊河流域生态敏感性的时空变化。研究结果表明：（1）1987-2016年间石羊河流域生态敏感性总体上逐年降低，综合生态敏感性指数（Comprehensive ecological sensitivity index，CESI）值从1987年的1.143上升到2016年的1.287，反映出流域生态环境当前还是向着可持续发展的方向发展；（2）流域生态敏感性整体偏高，常年极度敏感区和常年重度敏感区占流域总面积的42.26%。此外，敏感性空间分异明显，流域上游及下游荒漠区敏感性相对稳定，中下游绿洲区敏感性波动变化较为频繁，且波动变化区占总面积的51.24%，这表明流域生态敏感性与人类活动及工农业生产有较为密切的关系；（3）目前流域生态敏感性整体趋于好转，但局部地区有恶化的趋势，敏感性波动降低的区域面积为11693.57km²，占流域总面积的28.82%，敏感性波动升高的区域面积为9099.66km²，占流域总面积的22.43%，这表明一方面在国家宏观政策的引导下，当地在生态环境保护方面做了大量工作，另一方面也表现出在全球生态环境逐渐恶化的大背景下，当地的生态环境治理工作仍然任重道远。



Abstract:Ecological sensitivity is reflection of ecological system to the change of natural environment and the interruption of human activities and one of the important factors for the difficulty and possibility of the occurrence of eco-environmental problem. We selected Shiyang River Basin-a typical arid inland river basin in the northwest region of China as an example. Through the reference on the research results of predecessors and field research, the ecological sensitivity of Shiyang River Basin is divided into three aspects which are the ecological risk sensitivity, soil erosion sensitivity, and biological diversity sensitivity. We established three quantitative assessing indexes including the ecological risk sensitivity index, soil erosion sensitivity index, and biological diversity sensitivity index. The comprehensive ecological sensitivity is studied in Shiyang River Basin. The temporal and spatial changes of ecological sensitivity in Shiyang River Basin in recent 30 years were discussed through grid coding and circle analysis. The results show that:(1) the ecological sensitivity of the Shiyang River Basin decreased from 1987 to 2016. The comprehensive ecological sensitivity index (CESI) value increased from 1.143 in 1987 to 1.287 in 2016, reflecting that the ecological environment of the basin is still in the direction of sustainable development. (2) The overall ecological sensitivity of the basin is high. The perennial extreme sensitive area and the perennial severe sensitive area account for 42.26% of the total area of the basin, and the spatial differentiation is obvious. The sensitivity of the upstream and downstream desert areas is relatively stable. The middle and lower reaches of the oasis area sensitivity fluctuations are more frequent, and fluctuations vary by 51.24% of the total area. This indicates that the ecological sensitivity of the basin is closely related to human activities and industrial and agricultural production. (3) At present, the overall ecological sensitivity of the basin tends to improve, but the local area has a tendency to deteriorate. The area with reduced sensitivity fluctuation is 11693.57 km², accounting for 28.82% of the total area of the basin. The area with increased sensitivity fluctuation is 9099.66 km², accounting for 22.43% of the total area of the basin. On the one hand, the local government has done a lot of work on the ecological environmental protection under the guidance of the national macro-policy. On the other hand, the local ecological environment management still has a long way to go because the global ecological environment is gradually deteriorating.





PDF全文下载地址:

https://www.ecologica.cn/stxb/article/pdf/stxb201902250347