摘要:全球经济发展和日益增强的人类活动给业已脆弱的生态系统带来了巨大挑战，寻求尊重自然规律、环境友好的生态治理与恢复技术成为实现联合国可持续发展目标的重要组成部分。近年来，国内外科学家和生态治理机构研发出了一系列技术体系和技术模式，对脆弱生态区退化生态系统展开了全面的治理和恢复。然而，缺乏对这些治理技术的评价和优选方法的研发和应用在很大程度上限制了优良技术的筛选和推广应用，造成了资金和人力的浪费和损失。针对这些问题，科技部在2016年启动了国家重点研发计划项目“生态技术评价方法、指标体系与全球生态治理技术评价”，其中重要的任务之一是对生态技术进行梳理、评价和优选。本文旨在对已有的评价方法和指标体系的研究进展进行系统梳理，对生态技术的特征、生态技术评价的基本步骤和原则、生态技术的三阶段评估方法等进行了界定和深入分析，对本专题收录的14篇学术文章所涵盖的评价方法和模型研发、案例应用等进行了介绍，以期为筛选优良技术、提高生态技术应用效果、促进优良技术的输出和引进提供参考。



Abstract:Global economic development and increasingly intensive human activities have brought severe challenges to already vulnerable ecosystems, thus, development and application of ecological restoration technologies that compliance with nature and environmentally friendly has been becoming an important component for achieving United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. Over the past decades, scientists and ecological restoration agencies around the world have developed lots of restoration technologies and modes, which have played important roles for rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems. However, selection and application of best technologies and practices have been limited from lack of methods and models for evaluation and assessment of the existing technologies, leading to overlapping and wasting of investment of funds and human resources to the development of the restoration technologies. This problem is more serious in China than the rest of the world, given that the Chinese government has been putting lots of funds to restoration of the degrading ecosystems since 2000, of which, about 214 core technologies, 64 models and more than 100 technological systems have been developed and adopted to restoration of the ecosystem that are degrading. There is a high need to develop methods and models that can be used to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of these existing restoration technologies. In line with such demand, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China launched a national key Research and Development program entitled "Methods and indicator systems for assessing ecological restoration technology, and evaluation of ecosystem rehabilitation approaches from around the world (grant number:2016YFC0503700)". This paper aims to make an overall review of the evaluation methods and indicator systems, define the characteristics of restoration technologies, propose the basic principles and steps for assessing restoration technologies, as well as the Three Phase Evaluation Method (THEM) for assessing ecological restoration technologies. It also introduces the 14 papers that are accepted in this thematic issue based on the progress that the project has partially achieved so far, which cover the perspectives related to evaluation of restoration technologies such as methods and techniques for evaluating the technologies, model development, and the pilot studies that applied these methods and models. It is expected that the publication of this thematic issue will contribute to the methodological development and selection of best restoration technologies and practices, improve the effectiveness of the technology application, and provide guidance on import and export of restoration technologies among different regions and countries.





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