摘要:我国经济社会发展与生态环境的矛盾愈显突出，而对生态问题产生的经济社会根源认识不足导致无法提出针对性的治理方案，造成生态治理成果的反复，生态事件时有发生。为解决此类问题，以美国"黑风暴"事件为研究案例，深入探讨了生态问题产生的驱动要素，系统地总结了生态治理的有效途径。结果表明：生态问题是经济社会系统内部矛盾的外在表现形式；生态问题本质是人类不当的逐利行为导致经济社会发展不可持续的后果；政府调控手段滞后于经济社会和生态问题的发展是生态环境恶化的客观条件；生态治理技术无法满足经济社会发展对生态治理的需求为生态问题爆发和蔓延提供有利条件。因此，对于生态问题的有效治理，应以缓解经济社会系统矛盾为主线，通过法律、法规手段约束人的不当行为并遏制生态问题的扩大；应采取政策及法律手段保障利益相关者的生存和发展权益；要以政策的引导与支持促进治理技术的研发、应用和推广，推动经济转型，实现经济模式的高效化、绿色化。



Abstract:The contradiction between the socio-economic development and environment is getting more prominent in China. However, the targeted solutions are still in absence because of our ignorance about the economic and social causes of ecological problems. The effect of ecological control is usually temporary, and ecological incidents occur frequently. To seek for possible solutions, we investigated the driving factors of ecological problems in depth by analyzing the "Dust Bowl" event in America and systematically summarized the effective control measures. As a result, the ecological problems are external manifestation of the social economic system's internal conflicts, and essentially resulting from the improper profit-seeking activities of people. The governmental regulation usually lags behind the development of economic society and ecological problems which provides the objective conditions for deterioration of environment. The problems also break out and spread with the help of out-dated ecological control technology which can hardly meet the need of the development of society and economy. Therefore, to solve these problems effectively, we should put stress on appeasing the contradiction of the economic social system. The legal and policy measures should be taken to restrain people's destructive activities and protect the benefit and right of stakeholders. The development, application, and popularization of new technology should be guided and supported. The economic transition must be promoted to build efficient and environmental-friendly economic patterns.





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