摘要:退耕还林工程是迄今为止世界上最大的生态建设工程，对我国生态恢复发挥了重要作用，而生态补偿机制构建则是保障该工程顺利实施的关键。以黑河中游为研究区，评估了区域水源涵养、土壤保持和气体调节等生态系统服务及其退耕还林增量；利用最小数据法耦合机会成本和服务增量，推导退耕还林补偿曲线；通过政策目标设定3种情景，比较不同情境下的补偿标准、退耕比例和范围以及生态系统服务增量。结果表明：①退耕还林有助于提高生态系统服务的能力，单位面积水源涵养、土壤保持和固碳三种生态系统服增量分别为8.87 mm/m²、105.67 kg/m²和43.16 g/m²；②如不实施生态补偿，仅有1.42%的耕地愿意实施退耕还林；当补偿标准达到4381.35元/hm²时，可实现5.17%耕地退耕，且全部属于高度适宜和适宜还林的耕地；而当补偿金额达到7500元/hm²时，可实现退耕比例13.98%，且多数属于宜林的地块；当补偿标准为2803.06元/hm²时，退耕比例仅为2.55%，但全部适宜林地生长；③最小数据法可求得理论上相对高效和经济的补偿标准，目前实施的7500元/hm²的政策标准在合理的补偿范围内。研究结果为完善黑河中游生态补偿机制、提高生态补偿效率提供科学指导。



Abstract:The Grain for Green program is the largest ecological construction project in the world thus far and has played an important role in ecological restoration in China. Taking the middle reaches of Heihe River as the study area, we evaluated ecosystem services, such as water conservation, soil conservation, and gas regulation, and calculated their increment after returning farmland to forest. After combining opportunity cost and service increment, the minimum data approach was used to deduce the compensation curve for returning farmland to forest. According to the three scenarios of policy objectives, we compared the compensation standard, proportion and scope of returning farmland, and the increment in ecosystem services in different situations. The results are as follows: ① Conversion of farmland to forest contributes to improving the capacity for ecosystem services. The ecosystem increment of water conservation, soil conservation, and carbon sequestration per unit area was 8.87 mm/m², 105.67 kg/m², and 43.16 g/m², respectively. ② If ecological compensation is not carried out, only 1.42% of farmland would be returned to forest. When the compensation standard reaches 4381.35 yuan/hm², 5.17% of farmland plots could be returned to forest, all of which are suitable for forest growth. When the compensation amount is 7500 yuan/hm², 13.98% of farmland can be returned, and most of the plots are suitable for forest growth. If the compensation standard is 2803.06 yuan/hm², the proportion of returned farmland is only 2.55%, but all are suitable for forest growth. ③ The minimum data method, in theory, can provide a relatively efficient and economic compensation standard. The current policy standard of 7500 yuan/hm² is in the reasonable range of compensation. These results can provide scientific guidance for improving ecological compensation mechanisms and ecological compensation efficiency in the middle reaches of Heihe River.





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