摘要:通过土地利用结构优化能够实现区域生态效益的最大化。采用5期Landsat遥感影像数据，基于单位面积当量因子法，估算了玛纳斯河流域1990-2015年各项生态系统服务价值及其变化；并借助灰色线性规划模型（GLP）进行土地结构优化，探讨了最大化生态效益目标下优化前后研究区生态服务价值的比对及变动。结果表明：（1）该流域草地和未利用地是主要的土地利用类型，所占比例达70%；建工用地和耕地面积逐期增加，而其他土地利用类型均逐渐减少。（2）研究期内流域生态服务价值（ESV）总体呈下降趋势，2015年较1990年减少了14.97%；各单项ESV大小依次为：水文调节 > 气候调节 > 土壤保持 > 生物多样性 > 气体调节 > 净化环境>美学景观 > 食物生产 > 原料生产 > 维持养分循环 > 水资源供给；从空间分布来看，流域生态服务价值呈片状分布，ESV等级分界线较明显，其中ESV最高的低山区占总价值的35.84%，气候、水文调节是主要的生态服务功能，其原因在于草地覆盖面积大。（3）优化配置后，未利用地面积明显减少，而其他土地利用类型均有所增加；总ESV较优化前增加了5.29%，且各单项ESV也均增加，特别是水文调节和气候调节的增加最为明显。本研究可为区域土地利用规划和生态文明建设等方面提供一定理论基础和实践参考。



Abstract:Regional ecological benefits can be maximized by the optimization of land use structure. In this study, the unit area equivalent factor method was used to estimate the values of ecosystem services and their changes, which were based on Landsat remote sensing image data for the Manas River Basin from 1990 to 2015. The grey structure planning model, which optimizes the land structure, was used to discuss comparisons and changes in the ecological service value (ESV) of the study area before and after optimization for maximizing ecological benefits. The results show that:(1) The grassland and unused land are the main types of land use, accounting for 70% in the basin; the area of the constructed and cultivated land is gradually increasing, whereas that of the others is slowly decreasing. (2) ESV of the river basin, decreased by 14.97% when 1990 and 2015 values were compared, showed a downward trend during the study period. The size of each individual ESV was as follows:hydrological regulation > climate regulation > soil conservation > biodiversity > gas regulation > purification environment > aesthetic landscape > food production > material production > maintaining nutrient cycle > water supply. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the value of watershed ecological services is distributed in a patch, and the division of ESV is obvious. The low mountain area has the highest ESV of about 35.84%, and climate and hydrological regulation are the main ecological service functions because the grass area is large. (3) After optimizing the configuration, the unused land area was found to be significantly reduced, whereas the other types were increased; the total ESV increased by 5.29%, and the individual values had also increased, especially hydrological and climate regulation. This study can provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for regional land-use planning and ecological civilization construction.





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