摘要:科学评价北方荒漠草原的生态质量，有助于草地景观的生态修复与荒漠化防治。以内蒙古四子王旗为例，采用景观生态视角，通过构建生态质量评价体系，结合综合指数法和自然间断法，对研究区内130个行政村域的草地生态质量进行综合评价及类别划定；通过引入地理加权回归模型并对比最小二乘回归模型，评估外源压力对草地生态质量的影响。结果表明：（1）2016年四子王旗村域草地生态质量的指数变化幅度为0.003-0.765，呈现出北高南低的区域差异；在空间分布上，高高集聚、低低集聚和低高集聚的空间特征反映出村域草地生态质量的非均衡特征及空间依赖；（2）对比模型估计参数，地理加权回归模型具有解释草地生态质量空间异质性和处理数据非平稳性的优势，预测精度优于最小二乘回归模型；（3）6种变量对草地生态质量的回归系数表明，经济压力和环境压力的影响效应明显高于人口压力和资源压力。与草地生态质量变化呈正相关的因素依次为：生态用地比、人均耕地面积和草地载畜量，而与至城镇中心距离、劳动人口比和人均GDP则依次呈现出负相关关系。研究结果可为草地生态保护与治理提供参考。



Abstract:Scientific evaluation of ecological quality of desert steppe in North China is helpful for ecological restoration and desertification control.Taking Siziwang Banner as an example, this paper adopts the landscape ecological perspective, constructs the ecological quality evaluation system, and combines the comprehensive index method to research grassland ecological quality. In this paper, grassland ecological quality of desert steppe in 130 administrative villages is comprehensively evaluated and classified with the natural breaking method. After comparing the ordinary least square regression model, the effect of exogenous pressure on grassland ecological quality was evaluated by introducing the geographical weighted regression model. The main results were as follows:(1) The grassland ecological quality indexes ranged from 0.003 to 0.765 in the village area of Siziwang Banner, showing the regional difference in north high to south low in 2016. The spatial characteristics of High-High agglomeration, Low-Low agglomeration and Low-High agglomeration reflect the disequilibrium characteristics and spatial dependence.(2) The GWR model has the advantage of explaining spatial heterogeneity and processing data nonstationarity of grassland ecological quality. Compared with the estimated parameters, the prediction accuracy of the GWR model is higher than the OLS model. (3) The regression coefficient of six variables on grassland ecological quality showed that the effect of economic pressure and environmental pressure was obviously higher than that of population pressure and resource pressure.(4)The positive correlation factors of the change of grassland ecological quality are as follows:ecological land ratio, per capital amount of farmland and grassland grazing capacity. The distance from the nearest town, labor to force ratio and per capital GDP showed a negative correlation in turn. The results can be used as reference to grassland ecological protection and management.





PDF全文下载地址:

https://www.ecologica.cn/stxb/article/pdf/stxb201809091928