摘要:为探讨人工林地地表径流和壤中流产流机制及其氮素流失规律，选择鲁中南山区典型林地麻栎林为研究对象，采用模拟降雨试验方法，研究麻栎林与荒草地的产流及氮素流失特征。结果表明：（1）麻栎林的总产流量、地表径流量、壤中流量分别是荒草地的80.5%、61.4%、162.2%。地表径流产流呈不断增加且趋于稳定的特征；壤中流产流时间明显滞后于地表径流的，产流过程径流量波动比较小，保持相对稳定。地表径流量和壤中流量随时间的变化过程可分别通过对数函数和多项式函数进行模拟。（2）麻栎林的全氮总流失浓度、地表径流全氮流失浓度、壤中流全氮流失浓度为11.5、13.1、8.9 mg/L，分别比荒草地低19.0%、13.8%、8.2%。地表径流全氮流失浓度一般前期较大，而后递减并趋于稳定；壤中流全氮流失浓度在整个产流过程中保持相对稳定。地表径流和壤中流全氮流失浓度随降雨时间的变化过程可分别通过幂函数和多项式函数进行模拟。（3）在整个降雨产流过程中，麻栎林和荒草地的地表径流量分别占总产流量的61.8%和81.1%，麻栎林和荒草地的地表径流全氮流失量分别占全氮总流失量的70.4%和87.0%，径流、氮素的流失都以地表径流为主。与荒草地相比，麻栎林具有明显增加壤中流，减少氮素流失效果。



Abstract:To explore the mechanism of runoff and loss of nitrogen in artificial forest surface flow and interflow, the typical Quercus acutissima forest in a hilly area of middle southern Shandong Province was evaluated as the research object. Simulated artificial rainfall experiments were carried out to examine the characteristics of runoff and nitrogen loss in Q. acutissima forest land and grassland. The results showed the following: (1) The total flow, surface flow, and interflow in the Q. acutissima forest land were 80.5%, 61.4%, and 162.2% of that in grassland, respectively. The surface flow process tended to increase and then were stable. The interflow generation time clearly lagged behind the surface flow, and the runoff fluctuation of interflow was relatively smaller and more stable than that of surface flow. The relationship between the logarithm function and polynomial function was determined from the surface flow and interflow and rainfall time. (2) The total nitrogen output density, total nitrogen output density of surface flow, and total nitrogen output density of interflow in the Q. acutissima forest land were 11.5, 13.1, and 8.9 mg/L, which were 19.0%, 13.8%, and 8.2% lower than those of grassland, respectively. The output density of nitrogen through surface flow was high at the initial time but was generally stable as simulated rainfall continued. The output density of nitrogen through interflow remained relatively stable throughout the runoff process. The concentration of runoff and total nitrogen loss in surface flow and interflow revealed a relationship between the power function and polynomial function. (3) Throughout the simulated rainfall process, the surface flow in Q. acutissima forest land and grassland accounted for 61.8% and 81.1% of the total runoff, respectively. Total nitrogen loss from the surface flow in Q. acutissima forest land and grassland accounted for 70.4% and 87.0% of the total nitrogen loss, respectively, and the runoff and nitrogen losses from the surface flow accounted for a high proportion. Compared to grassland, the Q. acutissima forest land showed significantly increased interflow and decreased surface flow and nitrogen loss.





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