摘要:在中国北方农牧交错带宁夏盐池县，以农田为对照，以人工柠条林地、杨树林地和弃耕后自然恢复草地为研究样地，采用陷阱诱捕法，调查了退耕还林与还草4种类型样地的地面节肢动物群落结构特征，旨在分析农牧交错带退耕还林与还草措施对地面节肢动物群落结构生态效应的差异性。结果显示：（1）调查共获得地面节肢动物7目23科25类，其中优势类群为蜉金龟科和蚁科，其个体数占总个体数45.30%；常见类群13类，其个体数占总个体数49.17%；其余10类为稀有类群，其个体数占总个体数5.53%。（2）农田和草地生境的优势类群均有4个类群，而柠条林地和杨树林地生境的优势类群只有1个类群（即蚁科），但草地生境的优势类群种类组成完全不同于农田生境；优势度从农田的86.67%降为杨树林地的54.90%、柠条林地的63.16%和草地的61.70%。退耕还林还草后常见类群数及其优势度均呈现显著增加趋势。另外，4种类型样地生境中均无稀有类群。（3）退耕还林与还草仅对地面节肢动物类群数和Shannon指数产生显著影响（P < 0.05），而对个体数和优势度指数均无显著影响（P > 0.05）。地面节肢动物类群数和Shannon指数均表现为草地最高，杨树林地次之，农田和柠条林地最低。（4）不同生境类型样地间Jaccard指数均较低，介于0.13-0.39之间，属于不相似或中等不相似。（5）偏RDA分析表明，土壤含水量和总氮含量是影响地面节肢动物群落个体数分布的关键驱动因子。研究表明，退耕还柠条林地和弃耕后自然恢复草地对土壤性质改善均具有显著影响，并且弃耕后自然恢复草地更有利于节肢动物多样性的恢复。



Abstract:In Yanchi County, Ningxia, belonging to the agro-pasture transition zone in northern China, an investigation on ground-active arthropods was carried out using a pitfall trapping method in response to the conversion of cropland to agroforestry land versus natural grassland. The results showed:(1) there were 25 groups belonging to 7 orders and 23 families. The dominant groups included Aphodiidae and Formicidae families, which comprised 45.30% of the total individuals. There were 13 common groups occupying 49.17% of the total individuals. The remaining 10 groups were relatively rare, only comprising 5.53% of the total individuals; (2) there were four dominant groups in both crop-and grassland, whereas only one group (i.e., Formicidae) was found in Populus and Caragana agroforestry land. However, the composition of dominant groups were completely different between grassland and cropland habitats. Meanwhile, the dominance of dominant groups decreased remarkably from 86.67% in cropland to 54.90%, 63.16%, and 61.70% in Populus and Caragana agroforestry land and grassland, respectively. The number of common groups and their dominance increased considerably in response to the conversion of cropland to agroforestry land versus natural grassland. No rare groups were found in these four habitats including cropland, Populus and Caragana agroforestry land, and grassland; (3) there was a significant (P < 0.05) effect of the conversion of cropland to agroforestry land versus natural grassland on group richness and the Shannon index, whereas no significant (P > 0.05) effect was found on the total abundance and Simpson index of ground-active arthropods. The group richness and Shannon index of ground-active arthropods were found to be markedly greater (P < 0.05) in grassland, followed by those in Populus and Caragana agroforestry land, and cropland; (4) the Jaccard index regarding ground-active arthropod communities ranged from 0.13 to 0.39, which indicated a dissimilarity between different habitats in cropland, Populus and Caragana agroforestry lands, and grassland; (5) soil moisture and total nitrogen were found to be the key factors driving the structure of ground-active arthropod communities based on the pRDA results. It was concluded that the conversion of cropland to Caragana shrubland and natural grassland could be beneficial for the improvement of soil physical-chemical properties, and the conversion of cropland into natural grassland could indicate a facilitative effect on arthropod biodiversity recovery in the agro-pasture transition zone of northern China.





PDF全文下载地址:

https://www.ecologica.cn/stxb/article/pdf/stxb201802010285