摘要:在祁连山国家公园，人类与野生动物冲突已经成为一个普遍的问题。了解国家公园内牧民对肇事野生动物的态度，为探究野生动物肇事规律、针对肇事动物制定防控措施以及保护国家公园生态系统原真性、促进牧民与野生动物和谐相处具有重要的参考意义。通过实地走访调查了2014-2016年祁连山国家公园青海片区牧民与野生动物之间的冲突和牧民对于野生动物的态度认知。调查分析发现：11月-次年3月是祁连县野生动物肇事高峰期，狼和雪豹是捕食家畜的主要动物；狼被牧民认为是肇事最严重的动物，而实际数据表明雪豹的肇事频次却要高于狼，这与两种动物生活习性以及保护等级有关，加之牧民对雪豹肇事的容忍度更高；天峻县相比祁连县，除了狼以外其棕熊肇事频次较高，牧民认为应当大力控制狼和棕熊的种群数量，因为棕熊除了捕食家畜，更会伤害牧民和破坏房屋，威胁到牧民的生活，雪豹则需要进一步保护；牧民一般会选择使用牧羊犬和强化圈舍来防止野生动物捕食家畜；羊是祁连山国家公园青海片区牧民主要经济收入，牧民对狼吃食羊无法容忍，棕熊入户直接掠食伤人现象目前频次不高，但需提前防范。



Abstract:Conflict between human and wildlife has become a common problem in Qilian Mountain National Park. It is of great importance that we understand the attitude of the herdsmen to the causing of wildlife in the national park, to explore the law of causing of wildlife, to formulate prevention and control measures against the causing of wildlife, to protect the authenticity of the ecological system of the national park, and to promote the harmonious coexistence of herdsmen and wildlife. In this study, we investigated the conflict between herders and wildlife in the Qinghai area of Qilian Mountain National Park from 2014 to 2016 and their attitude towards wildlife. We found that November to March is the peak season for wildlife hunting in Qilian county; wolves and snow leopards are the main prey. Wolves are regarded as the most dangerous animals by the herdsmen. However, the actual data shows that the occurrence of snow leopards is higher than that of wolves. Compared with Qilian county, Tianjun county has a higher frequency of brown bears than wolves. The herders believe that the population of wolves and brown bears should be greatly controlled, because brown bears not only prey on livestock, but also harm the herders and damage their houses, threatening their lives. Snow leopards need further protection. Herders generally choose to use sheepdogs and intensive kennels to prevent wild animals from preying on livestock. Sheep are the main economic income of herdsmen in Qinghai area of Qilian Mountain National Park. Herdsmen cannot tolerate wolves eating their sheep, brown bears' direct predatory attacks are not frequent at present, but they need to be prevented in the future.





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