陈进林^1,2,3,4,
许玉洁^1,2,3,4,
高亮^1,2,3,4,
蔡佳宏^1,2,3,4,
梁嘉慧^1,2,3,4,
余明喧^1,2,3,4,
肖亿金^1,2,3,4,
陈桂兰^1,2,3,4,
冯宝欣^1,2,3,4,
霍嘉维^1,2,3,4,
梅承芳^1,2,3,4,
曾国驱^1,2,3,4
1. 广东省微生物研究所, 广东省微生物分析检测中心, 广东省科学院, 广州 510070;
2. 华南应用微生物国家重点实验室, 广州 510070;
3. 广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室, 广州 510070;
4. 广东省微生物应用新技术公共实验室, 广州 510070

作者简介: 陈进林(1981-),男,工程师,研究方向为生态毒理学和环境风险评估,E-mail:timothy8922@sina.com.

基金项目: 基国家重点研发计划资助项目"化学品健康危害快速分级与确证技术研究"（2017YFF0211200）；广州市科技计划资助项目"生活污水厂出水中OMPs毒害风险的同步多级快速检测与评估"（201707010162）；广东省重点领域研发计划资助项目（2019B110205004）；广东省科学院建设国内一流研究机构行动专项资金资助项目（2020GDASYL-20200301003）


中图分类号: X171.5

Acute and Chronic Toxicity to Daphnia magna of Diuron and Capsaicin Used in Antifouling Paints

Chen Jinlin^1,2,3,4,
Xu Yujie^1,2,3,4,
Gao Liang^1,2,3,4,
Cai Jiahong^1,2,3,4,
Liang Jiahui^1,2,3,4,
Yu Mingxuan^1,2,3,4,
Xiao Yijin^1,2,3,4,
Chen Guilan^1,2,3,4,
Feng Baoxin^1,2,3,4,
Huo Jiawei^1,2,3,4,
Mei Chengfang^1,2,3,4,
Zeng Guoqu^1,2,3,4
1. Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, China;
3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou 510070, China;
4. Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:敌草隆是一种典型的常用防污漆活性物质，辣椒素是一种新型的天然防污漆活性物质。为比较两者对水生甲壳动物的急性和慢性毒性，以大型溞（Daphnia magna）为受试生物，通过急性毒性实验和慢性毒性实验，研究敌草隆和辣椒素对大型溞的致死性和对其初次生殖时间、总生殖胎数、体长和产幼溞数量等生物学指标的影响，建立浓度-效应关系，筛选最敏感的生物学指标。急性毒性实验结果表明，敌草隆对大型溞活动抑制的48 h半数效应浓度（EC₅₀）为17.1 mg·L^-1，辣椒素对大型溞的48 h-EC₅₀为12.4 mg·L^-1。慢性毒性实验结果表明，所有被观察的生物学指标均呈现显著的毒性响应，大型溞各项生物学指标对敌草隆的敏感性依次为幼溞数量 > 初次生殖时间 > 体长 > 总生殖胎数，大型溞各项生物学指标对辣椒素敏感性依次为幼溞数量 > 体长 > 总生殖胎数 > 初次生殖时间。计算敌草隆对大型溞繁殖抑制的21 d-EC₁₀为0.830 mg·L^-1，辣椒素对大型溞繁殖抑制的21 d-EC₁₀为1.63 mg·L^-1。辣椒素具有快速生物降解性，对大型溞繁殖抑制的EC₁₀>1 mg·L^-1，根据《化学品分类和标签规范第28部分：对水生环境的危害》（GB 30000.28-2013）分类要求，可认为辣椒素没有长期水生危害，体现了较好的环境友好性潜力。
关键词: 敌草隆/
辣椒素/
大型溞/
急性毒性/
慢性毒性/
环境友好性

Abstract:Diuron is a biocidal active substance commonly and typically used in antifouling paints, and capsaicin is a new-type of natural products used for antifouling paints. To evaluate acute and chronic toxicity of diuron and capsaicin on aquatic organism, Daphnia magna was selected as a model test organism. Based on the toxicity effects on fatality, time of the first reproduction, number of brood per female, body length, number of total offspring in acute and chronic test, a dose-response relationship was established and the most sensitive biological indices were proposed. The acute toxicity test showed that the 48 h-EC₅₀ of diuron to Daphnia magna was 17.1 mg·L^-1, the 48 h-EC₅₀ of capsaicin to Daphnia magna was 12.4 mg·L^-1. The chronic toxicity test showed that there were signifi-cant effects on all observed biological indices. The sensitive biological indices for diuron from strong to weak were number of total offspring > time of the first reproduction > body length > number of brood per female, and the sensitive biological indices for capsaicin from strong to weak were number of total offspring > body length > number of brood per female > time of the first reproduction. Based on the number of total offspring, the 21 d-EC₁₀ of diuron was calculated to be 0.830 mg·L^-1, the 21d-EC₁₀ of capsaicin was 1.63 mg·L^-1. Capsaicin was readily biodegradable and its EC₁₀ of reproduction to Daphnia magna was greater than 1 mg·L^-1. According to the "Rules for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals-Part 28:Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment" (GB 30000.28-2013), capsaicin can be considered to have low chronic risk for aquatic environment and an environment-friendly potential.
Key words:diuron/
capsaicin/
Daphnia magna/
acute toxicity/
chronic toxicity/
environmentally friendly.

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