郑杰¹,
王志杰¹,
王磊^1,3,
喻理飞^1,2,3,,,
严令斌¹,
柳书俊⁴
1. 贵州大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550025;
2. 山地植物资源保护与种质创新省部共建教育部重点实验室, 贵阳 550025;
3. 山地生态与农业生物工程协同创新中心, 贵阳 550025;
4. 贵州大学茶学院, 贵阳 550025

作者简介: 郑杰(1992-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为流域生态风险评价,E-mail:zyzhengj@163.com.

通讯作者: 喻理飞,gdyulifei@163.com ;

基金项目: 贵州省科技重大专项计划项目(黔科重大专项字[20163022-08号])；“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502604)；贵州省科技重大专项(黔科合JZ字[2014]2002)；贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目(GNYL[2017]009)


中图分类号: X171.5

Risk Potentials of Soil Heavy Metals under Different Land Use Patterns in Caohai Basin of Guizhou Province

Zheng Jie¹,
Wang Zhijie¹,
Wang Lei^1,3,
Yu Lifei^1,2,3,,,
Yan Lingbin¹,
Liu Shujun⁴
1. College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China;
3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering, Guiyang 550025, China;
4. College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

Corresponding author: Yu Lifei,gdyulifei@163.com ;

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:为揭示草海流域不同土地利用方式下土壤重金属的污染特征及分布规律，采集了草海流域耕地、林地、灌草地和城镇用地4种土地利用类型的75个表层土壤样品，测定了Hg、Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr和Zn共8种重金属的全量，利用潜在生态风险指数(RI)评价了重金属的污染水平，运用反距离权重插值法(IDW)分析了重金属的全量和潜在生态风险的空间分布特征。结果表明：(1) Hg、Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr和Zn的含量平均值分别为0.13、2.71、19.39、39.87、62.71、45.16、91.67和169.23 mg·kg^-1。其中，Cd在4种土地利用类型土壤中均呈重度污染，Pb在城镇用地和林地中呈中度污染，Zn在城镇用地中呈中度污染，其余情况均属于轻度污染或无污染。(2) 4种不同土地利用方式仅对Cd和Zn含量有显著影响(P<0.05)，而对Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Ni和Cr含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。与耕地、林地和灌草地相比，城镇用地可显著提高Cd和Zn的含量。(3) 流域土壤重金属的RI平均值为204.59，属于中度风险水平。4种不同土地利用类型土壤重金属的RI平均值有所差异，由大到小依次为城镇用地(243.66)、耕地(209.71)、林地(192.50)和灌草地(153.53)最低。(4) Pb、Ni、Cr、Zn、Cd和RI的高值主要分布在流域西南部和流域东部中段区域，与研究区“土法炼锌”遗址吻合。Cu的高值积聚在东北部的城镇用地和灌草地。Hg和As在流域内均匀分布，其高值呈零星分布模式。上述研究结果能为草海流域土壤重金属污染防治提供参考依据。
关键词: 土壤重金属/
草海流域/
生态风险/
土地利用/
贵州

Abstract:In order to reveal the pollution characteristics and distribution of soil heavy metals under different land use patterns in Caohai Basin, seventy-five topsoil samples in farmland, forestland, grassland and urban land of Caohai Basin were collected and the contents of eight metal elements (Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr and Zn) were determined. The contamination level of heavy metals were assessed based on the potential ecological risk index (RI), and the spatial distribution characteristics of the contents and potential ecological risks of topsoil heavy metals were analyzed using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. The results showed that: (1) The average contents of Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr and Zn were 0.13, 2.71, 19.39, 39.87, 62.71, 45.16, 91.67 and 169.23 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Among them, Cd belonged to severe pollution in the farmland, forestland, grassland and urban land, Pb belonged to moderate pollution in urban land and forest land, Zn belonged to moderate pollution in urban land, and the rest belonged to slight pollution or non-polluting. (2) Four different land use types had significant effects on the contents of Cd and Zn (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on the contents of Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cr (P>0.05). Compared with cultivated land, forest land and grassland, the urban land had a significantly increase in the contents of Cd and Zn. (3) The average RI value of Caohai Basin was 204.59, which showed a moderate ecological risk level. But different land use types had significant differences, of which urban land had the highest potential risk (243.66), followed by the cultivated land (209.71), the forest land (192.50) and the grassland (153.53). (4) The high values of Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd and RI are mainly distributed in the southwest and the middle of the east in Caohai Basin, which is consistent with the “Local Zinc Smelting” site in the study area. Cr was higher in urban land and grassland in the northeast of the basin. Hg and As are evenly distributed in the watershed, and their high values are in a sporadic distribution pattern. The above research results can provide reference for the prevention and control of heavy metals pollution in Caohai Basin.
Key words:soil heavy metals/
Caohai Basin/
ecological risk/
land use/
Guizhou.