张博文^1,2,
赵甲亭¹,
吴二威^1,3,
李云云¹,
李娜¹,
李柏¹,
乔秀文³,
吴刚²,
高愈希¹
1. 中国科学院高能物理研究所纳米生物效应及安全性重点实验室, 北京 100049;
2. 包头医学院基础医学与法医学院, 包头 014040;
3. 石河子大学化学化工学院 新疆兵团化工绿色过程重点实验室, 石河子 832003

作者简介: 张博文(1991-),男,硕士生,研究方向为重金属生态毒理学,E-mail:triumphz@163.com.

基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(2012ZX07203-006)


中图分类号: X171.5

Water Pollution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Fuyang River System and Their Toxicity to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67 and Scenedesmus obliquus

Zhang Bowen^1,2,
Zhao Jiating¹,
Wu Erwei^1,3,
Li Yunyun¹,
Li Na¹,
Li Bai¹,
Qiao Xiuwen³,
Wu Gang²,
Gao Yuxi¹
1. Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
2. Basic Medical and Forensic College, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China;
3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:为调查滏阳河水系的重金属污染状况，研究河流重金属污染对水生生物的毒性，根据河流结构、水文条件、排污口分布并考虑空间分布的均匀性，选取66个采样位点，采集河水及对应的表层沉积物样品，分析了样品中的重金属含量。用斜生栅藻和青海弧菌Q67作为模式生物，根据滏阳河水重金属污染较严重的邯郸近郊2号采样点采集水样的重金属含量配制系列重金属浓度的模拟河水进行重金属污染河水的生态毒性测试。结果表明，在全部66个采样点中，29个采样点河水重金属含量超过国家地表水III类水体重金属含量标准，主要污染元素是Hg、Pb、Cr、Zn。几乎所有采样点河水Mn和Fe含量都大大高于国家集中式生活饮用水地表水源地补充项目规定的标准限值。根据2号采样点河水样品中的重金属含量配成的模拟河水对青海弧菌Q67的EC₅₀值为6.65%，为毒性极强的污染物。模拟河水样品对斜生栅藻的抑制作用较小，在实验的最高浓度下(1 000倍河水重金属含量)暴露4 d尚未引起半数藻细胞死亡。随河水重金属浓度上升，斜生栅藻超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性总体上呈现先升高后降低的趋势，丙二醛(MDA)含量变化则与此相反，反映河水重金属污染可引起藻细胞的氧化损伤。叶绿素a和b含量则随暴露浓度的提高逐渐降低。在重金属浓度达到2号采样点河水的10%时，斜生栅藻叶绿素a含量已有显著降低，MDA含量显著升高，海河流域重金属污染对生态系统的影响应予以重视。河水发光菌Q67的生长抑制率、斜生栅藻的叶绿素a和MDA含量可以作为评估河流重金属污染生态危害的指标。
关键词: 滏阳河/
重金属/
青海弧菌Q67/
斜生栅藻/
生态毒性

Abstract:The water resource of Fuyang River system (FRS) has been highly exploited and seriously polluted with high levels of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen. As a result of rapid industrialization and economic development, this area was also contaminated with heavy metals. To investigate the pollution status of heavy metals and their impact on aquatic organisms, 66 sampling sites were selected in this research based on the river structure, the hydrological conditions, the distribution of the sewage outlets and the spatial uniformity of the sampling sites. Surface sediment and water were collected. The contents of heavy metals in waters and sediments were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the levels of heavy metals are higher than the values of National Environmental Quality Standard III for surface water in 29 water samples from all of 66 sampling sites. The contaminant are Hg, Pb, Cr, Zn. High levels of Fe and Mn exist in almost all the water samples. Water sample from southern suburbs of Handan City (sampling site 2) was seriously polluted by Fe, Zn, Cr, Hg, and Mn. The ecological toxicity of the simulative river water, based on the heavy metal levels in water sample from sampling site 2, were tested using Scenedesmus obliquus and Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67 as model organisms. The results show that the EC₅₀ of the simulative river water for Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67 is 6.65%, the river water is a highly toxic pollutant. The river water can’t cause the death of more than half of Scenedesmus obliquus cells at the highest concentration of heavy metals in this experiment after 4 days exposure. The SOD activity in the algal cell are generally increased first and then decreased with the increased heavy metal levels, while MDA content showed an opposite tendency, which indicate oxidative damage to algae cells during the exposure. The chlorophyll content decreased with the increasing exposure concentration, and the algae cell morphology destroyed. The MDA content is significantly increased and the chlorophyll-a content significantly decreased when heavy metal contents reach to 10% of the levels in river water. Special attention should be paid to the heavy metal pollution in FRS. The relative growth inhibition rate of Q67 and the contents of chlorophyll-a, and MDA of Scenedesmus obliquus can be used as indicators for heavy metal contamination in river water.
Key words:Fuyang River/
heavy metal/
Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67/
Scenedesmus obliquus/
ecotoxicity.