潘国浩^1,2,
张莹莹¹,
刘洋¹,
高军³,
赵永强⁴,
付强¹,
汪浩然¹,
严金龙¹
1. 盐城工学院环境科学与工程学院, 江苏省环境保护海涂生态与污染控制重点实验室, 盐城 224051;
2. 常州大学环境与安全工程学院, 常州 213164;
3. 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042;
4. 盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区, 盐城 224057

作者简介: 潘国浩(1992-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为滨海滩涂污染物生物地球化学,E-mail:1256133359@qq.com.

基金项目: 江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20131219；BK20130426)；国家自然科学基金项目(41301551)；国家海洋局海洋生态环境科学与工程重点实验室开放项目(MESE-2013-04)


中图分类号: X171.5

Fraction Characteristics and Ecological Risk of Cadmium in Soils of Vegetation Successions of the Pristine Tidal Flat

Pan Guohao^1,2,
Zhang Yingying¹,
Liu Yang¹,
Gao Jun³,
Zhao Yongqiang⁴,
Fu Qiang¹,
Wang Haoran¹,
Yan Jinlong¹
1. Key Laboratory for Ecology and Pollution Control of Coastal Wetlands(Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China;
2. School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China;
3. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Nanjing 210042, China;
4. Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve, Rare Birds, Yancheng 224057, China

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:为了解原生滨海滩涂不同植被演替带土壤镉(Cd)的含量特征、赋存形态及生态风险，以盐城地区原生滨海滩涂为研究对象，利用BCR 3步提取法分析了不同植被演替带土壤Cd的含量及赋存形态，并采用平均沉积物质量基准系数法(SQG-Q)和风险评价准则(RAC)对Cd的潜在生态风险进行了初步评价。结果表明，原生滩涂土壤中总Cd(Cd_T)含量在2.21～3.61 mg·kg^-1之间，远高于江苏沿海土壤Cd背景值和国家土壤环境质量三级标准；不同植被演替带间，Cd_T含量表现为互花米草滩>碱蓬滩>芦苇滩>光滩；SQG-Q系数显示该地区土壤Cd_T处于中等风险，互花米草滩风险相对较高；总体上原生滩涂土壤中可还原态Cd比例较低(12.8%)，而酸溶态、可氧化态、残渣态三者差异不大(分别为28.2%、29.8%，29.2%)；互花米草滩和芦苇滩酸溶态Cd比例(30.5%、37.0%)显著高于碱蓬滩和光滩(28.2%、20.6%)，而残渣态Cd(21.5%、20.9%)则显著低于碱蓬滩和光滩(41.5%、45.6%)；RAC评价结果显示，滩涂土壤Cd总体上呈现中等风险，而互花米草滩和芦苇滩达到高风险。以上结果显示，原生滨海滩涂土壤Cd已存在一定的生态风险，其中互花米草滩风险相对较高，随着互花米草的扩张及围垦面积的扩大，其重金属风险值得关注。
关键词: 镉/
滨海滩涂/
生态风险/
形态分析/
BCR提取法

Abstract:Fraction, concentration and potential ecological risk of cadmium (Cd) in soils of vegetation successions of the pristine tidal flat in Yancheng were studied. BCR three-stage sequential extraction was run to determine the fraction and concentration of Cd, and sediment quality guideline quotient (SQG-Q) method and risk assessment code (RAC) were used to assess potential ecological risk of Cd. Results showed that concentrations of total Cd (Cd_T) in the soils ranged from 2.21 to 3.61 mg·kg^-1, which exceeded the background value in the coastal zone of Jiangsu Province and the third level of the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils. The concentration of Cd_T in the vegetation successions was in an order of Spartina alterniflora flat > Suaeda glauca flat > Phragmites australi flat > bare flat. Based on the SQG-Q coefficients, the ecological risk of Cd_T in the pristine tidal flat was moderate, which was relatively higher in Spartina alterniflora flat than the other vegetation successions. The proportion of reducible Cd was relatively low in the tidal flat (12.8% of Cd_T), while the other three fractions (acid-soluble, oxidisable, and residual Cd) were little different (28.2%, 29.8%, and 29.2% of Cd_T). The proportions of the acid-soluble Cd in Spartina alterniflora flat and Phragmites australi flat (30.5%, 37.0%) were significantly higher than those in Suaeda glauca flat and bare flat (28.2%, 20.6%), while the proportion of the residual Cd in Spartina alterniflora flat and Phragmites australi flat (21.5%, 20.9%) were significantly lower than those in Suaeda glauca flat and bare flat (41.5%, 45.6%). As a whole, the ecological risk of Cd in the pristine tidal flat was moderate based on the RAC, while the concentration of Cd in Spartina alterniflora flat and Phragmites australi flat reached a high-risk level. With the expansion of the Spartina alterniflora and the increase of reclamation area, more attention should be paid to the risk of Cd in this area.
Key words:cadmium/
coastal tidal flat/
ecological risk/
fraction analysis/
BCR sequential extraction procedure.