程志斌¹,
刘艳菊¹,
亓学奎²,
李俊芳¹,
单云芳¹,
钟震宇¹,
杨峥¹,
张婷婷²,
王欣欣²
1. 北京麋鹿生态实验中心, 北京 100076;
2. 北京市理化分析测试中心, 北京 100089

作者简介: 程志斌(1983-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为环境生物学和动物学,E-mail:czb@milupark.org.cn.

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(41475133)


中图分类号: X171.5

Influence of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ Exposure on Physiological and Pathological Parameters of Rats under Different Polluted Weather in Beijing

Cheng Zhibin¹,
Liu Yanju¹,
Qi Xuekui²,
Li Junfang¹,
Shan Yunfang¹,
Zhong Zhenyu¹,
Yang Zheng¹,
Zhang Tingting²,
Wang Xinxin²
1. Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing 100076, China;
2. Beijing Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:为探讨北京不同污染天气大气可吸入颗粒物PM₁₀和细颗粒物PM_2.5污染对雄性大鼠血常规、氧化损伤、炎症反应和肺组织的影响，将64只雄性8周龄Wistar大鼠随机分为8组，分别为2个对照组(空白组和生理盐水组)和6个染毒组(清洁、雾霾及沙尘暴3种不同天气的PM₁₀染毒组和PM_2.5染毒组)，每组8只。用2015年3月—5月在北京南海子麋鹿苑采集的清洁、雾霾和沙尘暴3种不同天气的PM₁₀和PM_2.5制备悬液，分别采用气管滴入PM₁₀和PM_2.5悬液作为染毒组，空白对照组不做任何处理，生理盐水对照组采用气管滴注生理盐水。急性染毒24 h后处死大鼠。采集血液测定18个血常规指标，分析肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、白介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量，并在高倍显微镜下观察肺组织和气管病理形态变化。同时，对PM₁₀和PM_2.5中的水溶性离子、有机碳/元素碳、16种多环芳烃和7种重金属等元素进行了测定，并分析了各组分与大鼠生理病理指标的相关性。结果表明：清洁、沙尘暴天气的PM₁₀和雾霾天气的PM_2.5急性染毒导致大鼠白细胞系参数即免疫力显著下降。污染天气颗粒物染毒后大鼠BALF氧化炎症因子的改变表明呼吸系统受到感染：沙尘暴和清洁天的PM₁₀染毒均显著提高了TGF-β1，雾霾PM₁₀染毒后IL-6和LDH有一定程度升高。3种天气颗粒物染毒对肺和气管造成的组织病理伤害各有特点，但PM_2.5伤害程度普遍大于PM₁₀。染毒颗粒物粒径大小，其化学成分类别、浓度是造成大鼠血常规指标变化、氧化炎症反应和组织学病变的可能原因。
关键词: 大气颗粒物/
大鼠/
急性染毒/
血常规参数/
呼吸系统

Abstract:To investigate the health damage induced by inhalable particles in different polluted weather in Beijing, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were collected at the Nanhaizi Milu Park during clean, sand storm and haze weather conditions from March to May 2015. 64 male 8-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (8 for each group), including two control groups (blank group and saline group) and 6 exposure groups (PM₁₀ exposure group and PM_2.5 exposure group with 3 different weathers of clean, dust storm and haze). PM solutions were prepared and used for the exposure groups by tracheal instillation. The rats in the blank control group received no treatment, and in the saline control group was administered tracheal normal saline. All rats were sacrificed 24 hours after acute exposure. 18 routine blood parameters were measured, cytokines of TGF-β1, LDH, T-AOC, IL-6 and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analysed, and the pathological changes of lung tissue and trachea were observed under high magnification microscope. At the same time, water soluble ions, OC/EC, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 7 heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb, As and Cr) in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were measured, and the correlations between the PM components and rat physiological and pathological parameters were analyzed. The results showed that acute PM₁₀ exposure in both clean and sandy weathers, and PM_2.5 exposure in haze weather resulted in a significant decrease in rat white blood cell parameters and immunity. Changes in oxidant and inflammatory factors in rat BALF after exposure to PM indicated that the respiratory system was infected, i.e., PM₁₀ exposure in dust storms and clean days both significantly increased the levels of TGF-β1, and levels of IL-6 and LDH were elevated at some extent after exposure to PM₁₀ in haze days. The pathological damage of lung and trachea caused by PM under three kinds of weather conditions had its own characteristics, but the degree of PM_2.5 injury was generally greater than that of PM₁₀. The size of particles, their chemical composition and concentrations are the possible causes of routine blood parameter changes, oxidative inflammation and histological lesion in rats.
Key words:airborne particulate matter/
rats/
acute exposure/
routine blood parameters/
respiratory system.