王金燕¹,
孙华忠¹,
卜元卿¹,
宋宁慧¹,
董琰^1,2,
谭丽超¹
1. 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所/国家环境保护农药环境评价与污染控制重点实验室, 南京 210042;
2. 河海大学, 南京 210098

作者简介: 王金燕(1990-),女,山西晋中人,硕士,研究方向为农药生态毒理学,E-mail:67372728@qq.com.

基金项目: 中央级公益性科研院所2016年基本科研业务专项(农药环境污染防治监管制度研究)；环境保护部农村与农业环境保护监管事业费项目


中图分类号: X171.5

Effect of Chlorpyrifos on Enzyme Activities and Microbial Activicity in Zijin Mountain Forest Soil

Wang Jinyan¹,
Sun Huazhong¹,
Bu Yuanqing¹,
Song Ninghui¹,
Dong Yan^1,2,
Tan Lichao¹
1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Nanjing 210042, China;
2. Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:毒死蜱是有机磷类农药，对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有抑制作用，在农业虫害防治中应用广泛。为掌握毒死蜱对森林土壤酶活力和土壤微生物生态效应，选择紫金山森林土作为受试土壤，采用室内培养法，研究了毒死蜱对土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶，以及土壤呼吸强度和氮素硝化作用的影响。结果表明：试验期间，1.25 mg a.i.·kg^-1、12.5 mg a.i.·kg^-1和125 mg a.i.·kg^-1毒死蜱对土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶总体表现为抑制作用；对土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的影响与暴露剂量和暴露时间有关，在60 d时，Z1低剂量处理组(1.25 mg a.i.·kg^-1)蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶可恢复，Z100高剂量处理组(125 mg a.i.·kg^-1)抑制作用不能解除。试验初期，毒死蜱对土壤呼吸强度有一定刺激作用随后逐渐恢复；对土壤氮硝化作用影响表现为先促进后抑制，且抑制作用有长期影响。由此可知，毒死蜱使用对紫金山森林土的土壤酶活性和土壤微生物产生毒性效应，具有一定生态风险。
关键词: 毒死蜱/
土壤/
酶活性/
呼吸强度/
硝化速率

Abstract:Chlorpyrifos is a phosphoorganic insecticide with a cholinesterase inhibition, which is widely used to control pest in agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of chlorpyrifos on enzyme (i.e., invertase, urease, acid phosphatese and catalase) activities and its microbial ecological effects (i.e., respiratory intensity and nitrogen transformation) in forest soil at Zijin Mountain under laboratory condition. Results showed that the soil urease and acid phosphate enzymes were inhibited by chlorpyrifos at doses of 1.25, 12.5 and 125 mg a.i.·kg^-1 respectively at given study period. It also showed inhibitory effect on soil invertase and catalase activities with both dose and time dependent pattern. However, the inhibitory effect on these enzymes could be relieved at low dose Z1 treatment (1.25 mg a.i.·kg^-1 ) after 60 d, but maintained at high dose Z100 treatment (125 mg a.i.·kg^-1 ). In addition, chlorpyrifos could stimulate soil respiration and nitrification at the initial stage. But the soil respiration were recovered and the nitrification were inhibited respectively at the late stage during the experimental period. All these data suggest chlorpyrifos has certain ecological risk.
Key words:chlorpyrifos/
soil/
enzyme activities/
respiratory intensity/
nitrification rate.