童亚莉^1,2,3,4,
李可欣^1,2,
田舒菡^1,2,3,
梁涛^1,2,3
1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
3. 中国科学院大学中丹学院, 北京 100190;
4. 北京市劳动保护科学研究所, 北京 100054

作者简介: 童亚莉(1991-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为环境地理学,E-mail:tongyali123@163.com.

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(41571473)


中图分类号: X171.5

Seasonal Variation of Rare Earth Element Concentrations in PM₁₀ and Their Cytotoxicity in A Typical Rare Earth Mining City

Tong Yali^1,2,3,4,
Li Kexin^1,2,
Tian Shuhan^1,2,3,
Liang Tao^1,2,3
1. The Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China;
4. Beijing Municpal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing 100054, China

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:为探讨典型稀土矿城市不同季节大气可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particulate matter, PM₁₀)中稀土元素污染特征及其细胞毒性响应，将前期采集于包头市的PM₁₀颗粒物进行提取，检测PM₁₀中的稀土元素(rare earth elements, REEs)含量，并将人肺上皮细胞(A549)暴露于不同浓度水平(25，50，100 μg·mL^-1)的PM₁₀样品和标准颗粒物1649b(standard reference material, SRM1649b)暴露液，用WST-1法测定暴露24 h后的细胞活性，用2' 7'二氯荧光素二醋酸盐(2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate，DCFH-DA)荧光探针法和彗星实验分别测定暴露3 h后的细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)产生水平和DNA双链损伤程度。结果表明，包头春、夏季大气PM₁₀和SRM1649b均引起A549细胞活性下降，并诱导细胞内ROS生成量增加，造成显著的细胞内DNA损伤，含REEs的大气颗粒物毒性显著高于标准颗粒物。与春季相比，包头夏季PM₁₀对细胞活性的抑制程度更高，造成更多的DNA双链损伤，从而表现出更强的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。包头PM₁₀呈现明显的轻稀土元素(light rare earth elements, LREEs)富集，铈(Ce)、钷(Pm)、镧(La)和钕(Nd)含量占稀土总量的50%以上。LREEs均与细胞活性和细胞内ROS产生水平呈负相关性，包头春季和夏季PM₁₀中稀土元素含量的差异是导致包头PM₁₀细胞毒性效应不同于标准颗粒物且具有季节性差异的原因之一。
关键词: 稀土/
PM₁₀/
A549细胞/
氧化损伤/
遗传毒性

Abstract:To investigate the toxicity and pollution characteristics of rare earth elements (REEs) in inhalabel particulate matter (PM₁₀) of Baotou City, PM₁₀ samples were collected for exposure experiments. The concentrations of REEs in PM₁₀ were characterized and A549 cells were exposed to PM₁₀ collected in spring and summer, together with a standard reference material 1649b (SRM1649b) at the levels of 25, 50 and 100 μg·mL^-1. The WST-1 method was used to measure the cell viability of A549 cells after 24 h exposure time. The 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) method and the comet assay were used to measure the intracellular reative oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage of A549 cells, respectively, after 3 h exposure time. The results showed that all samples of PM₁₀ in both seasons and SRM1649b inhibited the cell viability, induced ROS production and caused significant DNA strand breaks of A549 cells. The toxicity of PM₁₀ containing REEs was significantly higher than that of the standard reference material. Compared to PM₁₀ in spring, the PM₁₀ in summer of Baotou City inhibited cell viability much more and caused more DNA strand breaks of A549 cells, indicating stronger cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. PM₁₀ of Baotou City tended to enrich light rare earth elements (LREEs) and the amount of Ce, Pm La and Nd accounted for more than 50% of total REEs in PM₁₀. LREEs were negatively related to cell viability and ROS production. The difference of LREEs in PM₁₀ in different seasons in Baotou was one of the reasons for the seasonal variation of PM₁₀ cytotoxic effects.
Key words:rare earth elements/
PM₁₀/
A549 cells/
oxidative damage/
genotoxicity.