), 姚海娟2() 1 天津师范大学心理与行为研究院, 天津 300074
2 天津商业大学法学院心理学系, 天津 300134
收稿日期:2017-09-07出版日期:2018-11-25发布日期:2018-09-25通讯作者:白学军,姚海娟E-mail:bxuejun@126.com;yhjrenfei@163.com基金资助:* 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(18JJD190001);教育部“****奖励计划”****项目资助(T2017120)Differences in cognitive inhibition between persons with high and low creativity: Evidences from behavioral and physiological studies
BAI Xuejun1(), YAO Haijuan2() 1 Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074, China
2 Department of Psychology, School of Law, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
Received:2017-09-07Online:2018-11-25Published:2018-09-25Contact:BAI Xuejun,YAO Haijuan E-mail:bxuejun@126.com;yhjrenfei@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 本研究采用2个实验, 考察创造性思维测验得分高低者在Stroop任务干扰条件上的差异, 从行为和生理指标探讨认知抑制与创造性思维的关系, 以及时间压力对认知抑制与创造性思维关系的调节作用。实验1采用Stroop颜色命名任务。结果发现, 相比低创者, 高创者的反应时干扰效应量和正确率干扰效应量均更小。实验2采用更灵活的Stroop字义-颜色命名转换任务, 操纵不同的时间压力条件, 并记录被试完成任务时的皮肤电活动。结果发现, 高创者在有时间压力条件下的干扰效应量显著小于无时间压力条件下, 而低创者在有和无时间压力条件下的干扰效应量无显著差异; 高创者在颜色命名任务的不一致条件下的皮肤电活动变化显著高于一致条件, 而低创者在颜色命名任务的一致和不一致条件下无显著差异。研究表明：总体而言, 相比低创者, 高创者的认知抑制能力更高, 能够有效抑制优势的但不相关的反应倾向。时间压力在认知抑制与创造性思维的关系中起调节作用, 高创者面对不同任务要求能够灵活调整自身的认知抑制水平, 并表现出变化的生理唤醒水平。结果支持创造性思维的适应性认知抑制假说。
图/表 7
图1实验1实验程序图 注：彩图见电子版
图1实验1实验程序图 注：彩图见电子版
图2高创组和低创组在不同字色条件下的反应时
图2高创组和低创组在不同字色条件下的反应时表1高创组和低创组在各实验条件下的正确率(%) [M (SD)]
| 创造性组别 | 字色一致 | 字色不一致 |
|---|---|---|
| 高创组 | 97.60(3.55) | 96.98 (2.39) |
| 低创组 | 98.64(2.55) | 95.73(4.14) |
表1高创组和低创组在各实验条件下的正确率(%) [M (SD)]
| 创造性组别 | 字色一致 | 字色不一致 |
|---|---|---|
| 高创组 | 97.60(3.55) | 96.98 (2.39) |
| 低创组 | 98.64(2.55) | 95.73(4.14) |
图3不同时间压力情境下的实验程序
图3不同时间压力情境下的实验程序
图4高创组和低创组在不同时间压力条件下Stroop任务上的反应时
图4高创组和低创组在不同时间压力条件下Stroop任务上的反应时表2高创组和低创组在不同时间压力情境下的正确率(%) [M (SD)]
| 时间压力 情境 | 创造性组别 | 字义命名 | 颜色命名 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一致 | 不一致 | 一致 | 不一致 | ||
| 有时间压力 | 高创组 | 92.36 (7.29) | 82.29 (14.56) | 91.32 (6.52) | 83.33 (7.95) |
| 低创组 | 89.93 (6.76) | 80.21 (14.56) | 92.71 (7.13) | 80.21 (10.22) | |
| 无时间压力 | 高创组 | 96.88 (5.06) | 96.53 (3.91) | 99.31 (2.41) | 95.49 (5.46) |
| 低创组 | 98.61 (2.71) | 95.83 (4.35) | 98.96 (2.59) | 90.97 (7.07) | |
表2高创组和低创组在不同时间压力情境下的正确率(%) [M (SD)]
| 时间压力 情境 | 创造性组别 | 字义命名 | 颜色命名 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一致 | 不一致 | 一致 | 不一致 | ||
| 有时间压力 | 高创组 | 92.36 (7.29) | 82.29 (14.56) | 91.32 (6.52) | 83.33 (7.95) |
| 低创组 | 89.93 (6.76) | 80.21 (14.56) | 92.71 (7.13) | 80.21 (10.22) | |
| 无时间压力 | 高创组 | 96.88 (5.06) | 96.53 (3.91) | 99.31 (2.41) | 95.49 (5.46) |
| 低创组 | 98.61 (2.71) | 95.83 (4.35) | 98.96 (2.59) | 90.97 (7.07) | |
图5高低创造性思维水平者在不同时间压力情境下的皮肤电值
图5高低创造性思维水平者在不同时间压力情境下的皮肤电值参考文献 69
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