) 1 福建师范大学心理学院, 福州 350117
2 华侨大学旅游学院, 福建 泉州 362021
收稿日期:2017-10-12出版日期:2018-09-15发布日期:2018-07-27基金资助:福建省自然科学基金计划项目(2018J01719)Effects of nicotine on implicit and explicit memory
LIN Jingyuan1,2, LIN Wuji1, MENG Yingfang1() 1 School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
2 College of Tourism, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
Received:2017-10-12Online:2018-09-15Published:2018-07-27摘要/Abstract
摘要： 胆碱是一种与记忆密切相关的物质, 以往研究主要探讨不同胆碱类药物对外显记忆的影响, 内隐记忆受胆碱影响与外显记忆是否相同仍存在争议。实验1采用词汇判断与词汇再认任务, 比较内隐记忆与外显记忆在拟胆碱药物尼古丁的影响下, 记忆成绩是否发生变化。结果表明, 摄入尼古丁后, 内隐与外显记忆成绩都有一定程度的下降, 但内隐记忆受影响的程度更大。为进一步探讨尼古丁对两种记忆的影响, 实验2分别在编码前与提取前摄入尼古丁, 观察其对两种记忆不同阶段的影响, 并使用ERP技术观察其中受影响的成分。结果表明, 编码前摄入尼古丁使内隐记忆与外显记忆的概念加工都受到影响, 而对知觉加工没有影响。提取前摄入尼古丁则对两种记忆的概念加工与知觉加工都产生影响, 但是对内隐记忆的影响更大。上述结果表明, 拟胆碱物质尼古丁对记忆影响的情况与实验任务较为一致, 而与记忆种类关系较小。对两种记忆的影响不同可能主要源于两种记忆采用不同的实验任务导致, 两者的生理机制有一定程度的重叠。
图/表 8
图1实验流程
图1实验流程表1外显记忆任务的正确率和反应时
| 指标 | 深加工编码 | 浅加工编码 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 尼古丁 | 安慰剂 | 尼古丁 | 安慰剂 | |||||
| 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | |
| 正确率 | 0.38(0.21) | 0.23(0.20) | 0.35(0.27) | 0.41(0.25) | 0.16(0.15) | 0.05(0.12) | 0.14(0.11) | 0.09(0.10) |
| 反应时(ms) | 857(149) | 861(147) | 932(206) | 896(201) | 950(238) | 899(275) | 1030(372) | 965(278) |
表1外显记忆任务的正确率和反应时
| 指标 | 深加工编码 | 浅加工编码 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 尼古丁 | 安慰剂 | 尼古丁 | 安慰剂 | |||||
| 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | |
| 正确率 | 0.38(0.21) | 0.23(0.20) | 0.35(0.27) | 0.41(0.25) | 0.16(0.15) | 0.05(0.12) | 0.14(0.11) | 0.09(0.10) |
| 反应时(ms) | 857(149) | 861(147) | 932(206) | 896(201) | 950(238) | 899(275) | 1030(372) | 965(278) |
表2内隐记忆任务的启动量
| 指标 | 深加工编码 | 浅加工编码 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 尼古丁 | 安慰剂 | 尼古丁 | 安慰剂 | |||||
| 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | |
| 启动量 | 59(44) | 6(45) | 21(34) | 44(44) | 47(42) | 10(38) | 32(42) | 37(33) |
表2内隐记忆任务的启动量
| 指标 | 深加工编码 | 浅加工编码 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 尼古丁 | 安慰剂 | 尼古丁 | 安慰剂 | |||||
| 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | |
| 启动量 | 59(44) | 6(45) | 21(34) | 44(44) | 47(42) | 10(38) | 32(42) | 37(33) |
图2实验流程
图2实验流程表3外显记忆任务的正确率和反应时
| 指标 | 深加工编码 | 浅加工编码 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 编码 | 提取 | 编码 | 提取 | |||||
| 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | |
| 正确率 | 0.33(0.24) | 0.26(0.18) | 0.33(0.18) | 0.28(0.18) | 0.10(0.11) | 0.09(0.09) | 0.11(0.10) | 0.06(0.09) |
| 反应时(ms) | 1015(345) | 814(115) | 925(211) | 860(149) | 1020(347) | 875(150) | 944(184) | 888(191) |
表3外显记忆任务的正确率和反应时
| 指标 | 深加工编码 | 浅加工编码 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 编码 | 提取 | 编码 | 提取 | |||||
| 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | |
| 正确率 | 0.33(0.24) | 0.26(0.18) | 0.33(0.18) | 0.28(0.18) | 0.10(0.11) | 0.09(0.09) | 0.11(0.10) | 0.06(0.09) |
| 反应时(ms) | 1015(345) | 814(115) | 925(211) | 860(149) | 1020(347) | 875(150) | 944(184) | 888(191) |
表4内隐记忆任务的启动量
| 指标 | 深加工编码 | 浅加工编码 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 编码 | 提取 | 编码 | 提取 | |||||
| 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | |
| 启动量 | 26(19) | 18(31) | 24(20) | 1(23) | 21(27) | 28(26) | 19(21) | 3(22) |
表4内隐记忆任务的启动量
| 指标 | 深加工编码 | 浅加工编码 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 编码 | 提取 | 编码 | 提取 | |||||
| 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | |
| 启动量 | 26(19) | 18(31) | 24(20) | 1(23) | 21(27) | 28(26) | 19(21) | 3(22) |
图3外显记忆的新旧词差异波, A为编码前摄入尼古丁条件, B为提取前摄入尼古丁条件
图3外显记忆的新旧词差异波, A为编码前摄入尼古丁条件, B为提取前摄入尼古丁条件
图4内隐记忆的新旧词差异波, A为编码前摄入尼古丁条件, B为提取前摄入尼古丁条件
图4内隐记忆的新旧词差异波, A为编码前摄入尼古丁条件, B为提取前摄入尼古丁条件参考文献 47
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