) 1 南京工业大学学生事务部, 南京 210000
2 苏州大学教育学院, 苏州 215000
收稿日期:2017-06-02出版日期:2018-09-15发布日期:2018-07-27基金资助:国家自然科学基金(31271084);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2017SJBFDY366);江苏省高校辅导员工作研究会专项(16FYHYB030)Is implicit knowledge abstract? Evidence from implicit sequence learning transfer
DAI Hui1, ZHU Chuanlin2, LIU Dianzhi2() 1 Student Affairs Office, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210000, China
2 School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
Received:2017-06-02Online:2018-09-15Published:2018-07-27摘要/Abstract
摘要： 内隐知识是否具有抽象和概括性, 已有研究有着不同的争议, 而迁移是检验习得知识是否具有抽象性的有效手段。探索RSI从0 ms至1000 ms中5种条件下内隐序列学习的迁移差异, 并试图证实随着RSI的变化, 迁移发生从无到有的变化, 以迁移来证明内隐知识的抽象性。结果发现：随着RSI的增加, 迁移出现了从无到有的质变, 证明了内隐知识可具有抽象性; 内隐序列学习效应和转移组段的新异刺激效应共同促进了迁移的产生, 纯粹的内隐序列学习是产生迁移的必要非充分条件, 转移组段(新异刺激)则加速促进了内隐知识的学习; 本实验条件下产生的不可知但可迁移的内隐知识具有边缘意识特点。
图/表 7
表1不同RSI实验被试分布情况
| 组别 | 0 ms | 250 ms | 500 ms | 750 ms | 1000 ms | 共计 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 实验组 | 26 | 22 | 26 | 24 | 26 | 124 |
| 控制组 | 25 | 24 | 26 | 75 |
表1不同RSI实验被试分布情况
| 组别 | 0 ms | 250 ms | 500 ms | 750 ms | 1000 ms | 共计 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 实验组 | 26 | 22 | 26 | 24 | 26 | 124 |
| 控制组 | 25 | 24 | 26 | 75 |
图1学习阶段刺激位置及按键
图1学习阶段刺激位置及按键
图2RSI = 0 ms、250 ms各组段反应时变化曲线图
图2RSI = 0 ms、250 ms各组段反应时变化曲线图
图3RSI = 500 ms、750 ms、1000 ms各组段反应时变化曲线图
图3RSI = 500 ms、750 ms、1000 ms各组段反应时变化曲线图表2RSI = 500 ms、750 ms、1000 ms控制组数据
| RSI | Block contrast | t | df | p | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RSI = 500 ms | B5-B4 | 0.91 | 24 | 0.37 | 0.18 |
| B5-B6 | 1.94 | 24 | 0.66 | 0.36 | |
| RSI = 750 ms | B5-B4 | 0.20 | 23 | 0.84 | 0.04 |
| B5-B6 | 1.67 | 23 | 0.11 | 0.32 | |
| RSI = 1000 ms | B5-B4 | 0.09 | 25 | 0.93 | 0.02 |
| B5-B6 | 1.12 | 25 | 0.27 | 0.22 |
表2RSI = 500 ms、750 ms、1000 ms控制组数据
| RSI | Block contrast | t | df | p | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RSI = 500 ms | B5-B4 | 0.91 | 24 | 0.37 | 0.18 |
| B5-B6 | 1.94 | 24 | 0.66 | 0.36 | |
| RSI = 750 ms | B5-B4 | 0.20 | 23 | 0.84 | 0.04 |
| B5-B6 | 1.67 | 23 | 0.11 | 0.32 | |
| RSI = 1000 ms | B5-B4 | 0.09 | 25 | 0.93 | 0.02 |
| B5-B6 | 1.12 | 25 | 0.27 | 0.22 |
表3不同RSI内隐学习量和迁移量的数据比较[M (SD)]
| 学习量和迁移量 | RSI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 ms | 250 ms | 500 ms | 750 ms | 1000 ms | |
| 纯粹学习量(RT8-RT7) | 21.95 (5.12) | 19.90 (5.05) | 11.37 (3.94) | 11.74 (2.11) | 14.60 (3.83) |
| 受新异刺激影响的学习量(RT8-RT9) | 37.93 (5.71) | 14.36 (5.11) | 16.57 (3.03) | 16.02 (2.74) | 16.43 (3.70) |
| 纯粹迁移量(RT15-RT14) | 5.63 (8.91) | 12.42 (6.29) | 13.23 (4.40) | 10.01 (4.81) | 12.83 (2.45) |
| 受新异刺激影响的迁移量(RT15-RT16) | 5.29 (3.01) | 16.63 (5.81) | 16.52 (5.31) | 19.35 (4.35) | 19.84 (3.72) |
表3不同RSI内隐学习量和迁移量的数据比较[M (SD)]
| 学习量和迁移量 | RSI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 ms | 250 ms | 500 ms | 750 ms | 1000 ms | |
| 纯粹学习量(RT8-RT7) | 21.95 (5.12) | 19.90 (5.05) | 11.37 (3.94) | 11.74 (2.11) | 14.60 (3.83) |
| 受新异刺激影响的学习量(RT8-RT9) | 37.93 (5.71) | 14.36 (5.11) | 16.57 (3.03) | 16.02 (2.74) | 16.43 (3.70) |
| 纯粹迁移量(RT15-RT14) | 5.63 (8.91) | 12.42 (6.29) | 13.23 (4.40) | 10.01 (4.81) | 12.83 (2.45) |
| 受新异刺激影响的迁移量(RT15-RT16) | 5.29 (3.01) | 16.63 (5.81) | 16.52 (5.31) | 19.35 (4.35) | 19.84 (3.72) |
图4不同RSI学习量、迁移量条形图
图4不同RSI学习量、迁移量条形图参考文献 40
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