Study on adaptive governance of social-ecological system: Progress and prospect
SONG Shuang1, WANG Shuai,1, FU Bojie1, CHEN Haibin2, LIU Yanxu1, ZHAO Wenwu11. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2. College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
National Key R&D Program of China.2017YFA0604701 National Natural Science Foundation of China.41722102 National Natural Science Foundation of China.41761144064 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
作者简介 About authors 宋爽(1996-)男,宁夏银川人,博士生,主要从事人地系统耦合研究E-mail:songshgeo@gmail.com。
Abstract Social-Ecological System (SES) is composed of social subsystem, ecological subsystem and the interaction between them; its structure, functions, and characteristics are different from those of social subsystem or ecological subsystem alone. Relying on adaptive social mechanisms of power-sharing and decision making, the adaptive governance of SES aims to guarantee human well-being in a sustainable manner under dynamic conditions. Adaptive governance theory is influenced by "common pool resources management", "resilience" and "governance", and lays a foundation for the construction of transformative governance and collaborative governance. This theory has three main objectives: (1) understanding and coping with the multi-stability, nonlinearity, uncertainty, integrity and complexity of SES; (2) establishing non-confrontational social structure, power-sharing structure and decision-making structure, and match with social subsystem and ecological subsystem; (3) achieving sustainable management of ecosystem services through an integrated approach. Therefore, in the face of the "Anthropocene" of human-behaviour-dominant surface processes, achieving adaptive governance helps to deal with the complexity and uncertainty of SES. Given the rapid changes in China's environment and the increasingly complicated interactions between China and countries all over the world, it will be helpful for future studies to pay close attention to the following fields: (1) understand the multi-interaction processes of a coupled system, and enhance its adaptability; (2) emphasize the significance of a holistic approach of studying SES; (3) improve the ability to understand and predict system dynamics in the context of environmental change. Keywords:adaptive governance;social-ecological system (SES);self-organization;resilience management;sustainability
PDF (1883KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 宋爽, 王帅, 傅伯杰, 陈海滨, 刘焱序, 赵文武. 社会—生态系统适应性治理研究进展与展望. 地理学报[J], 2019, 74(11): 2401-2410 doi:10.11821/dlxb201911015 SONG Shuang. Study on adaptive governance of social-ecological system: Progress and prospect. Acta Geographica Sinice[J], 2019, 74(11): 2401-2410 doi:10.11821/dlxb201911015
注:① a. 粗体字表示某类学科或某研究领域;b. 常规字体及对应英文表示该领域内对适应性治理有贡献的概念;② 箭头:a. 粗体箭头表示适应性治理理论的主要发展过程;b. 细线箭头A→B表示集合A中部分概念或思想对集合B的问题产生贡献。 Fig. 1The background and process of the formation of adaptive governance theory
2.2 韧性研究的社会转向
韧性理论最早被用于分析人类活动对生态系统的影响,且有生态韧性、工程韧性和社会韧性等不同侧重[24]。同时期还有“适应”与“脆弱性”的概念,分别关注人类对环境变化的响应以及人类受环境变化影响的敏感度[25]。经典的“球—杯模型(Ball-and-cup diagram)”和“吸引盆地模型(Basin of attraction diagram)”都直观地表达了系统韧性的核心特征:稳定性、动态性与稳态转变[26]。上述模型的提出者Walker等认为,在融合了适应与脆弱等概念后,理解不同尺度下韧性的丧失、创造与维持是实现可持续发展的关键[26]。有****则认为人—环境系统的适应性能力能更好地囊括韧性、适应性与脆弱性的内涵[27]。但无论侧重何处,韧性理论都经历了从解释自然生态系统向分析耦合社会—生态系统的过程,同时积极融合了社会科学研究中的诸多概念,因此有****将这一趋势称为“韧性研究的社会转向”[28]。
注:① 社会—生态系统状态循环包括:开发阶段r,保护阶段k,释放阶段Ω,更新阶段α;图中展示旧的SES因转型治理而进入新的状态循环,并因协作治理的实现而延长开发保护阶段的过程;② 转型治理可受不同尺度系统状态变化的影响;③ 协作治理的主要实现过程包括F-F-D(Face to Face Dialogue, 直接对话),T-B(Trust-Building, 建立信任),C-P(Commitment to Process, 过程承诺),S-U(Shared Understanding, 知识共享),I-O(Intermediate Outcomes, 阶段成果)5个循环步骤。 Fig. 2The relationship between social-ecological system adaptive cycle and transition / collaborative governance
Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, LubchencoJ , et al. Human domination of earth's ecosystems , 1997,2277(5325):494-499. [本文引用: 1]
LiuJ, DietzT, Carpenter SR , et al. Coupled human and natural systems , 2007,36(8):639-649. [本文引用: 1]
GlaserM, KrauseG, BeateR , et al. Human/nature interaction in the anthropocene potential of social-ecological systems analysis , 2008,17(1):77-80. [本文引用: 1]
Leslie HM, BasurtoX, NenadovicM , et al. Operationalizing the social-ecological systems framework to assess sustainability , 2015,112(19):5979-5984. [本文引用: 1]
LevinS, XepapadeasT, Crépin AS , et al. Social-ecological systems as complex adaptive systems: Modeling and policy implications , 2013,18(2):111-132. [本文引用: 1]
OstromE . A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems , 2009,325(5939):419-422. [本文引用: 3]
BoydJ, BanzhafS . What are ecosystem services? The need for standardized environmental accounting units , 2007,63(2/3):616-626. [本文引用: 1]
NasslM, L?fflerJ . Ecosystem services in coupled social-ecological systems: Closing the cycle of service provision and societal feedback , 2015,44(8):737-749. [本文引用: 1]
Rockstr?mJ, SteffenW, NooneK , et al. A safe operating space for humanity , 2009,461(7263):472-475. [本文引用: 1]
FolkeC . Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses , 2006,16(3):253-267. [本文引用: 1]
Janssen MA, OstromE . Resilience, vulnerability, and adaptation: A cross-cutting theme of the international human dimensions programme on global environmental change , 2006,16(3):237-239. [本文引用: 1]
BerkesF . Evolution of co-management: Role of knowledge generation, bridging organizations and social learning , 2006,90(5):1692-1702. [本文引用: 1]
StokerG . Governance as theory: Five propositions , 1998,50(155):17-28. [本文引用: 2]
SchultzL, FolkeC, ?sterblomH . Adaptive governance, ecosystem management, and natural capital , 2015,112(24):7369-7374. [本文引用: 2]
Brondizio ES, OstromE, Young OR . Connectivity and the governance of multilevel social-ecological systems: The role of social capital , 2009,34(1):253-278. [本文引用: 1]
Plowman DA, SolanskyS, Beck TE , et al. The role of leadership in emergent, self-organization , 2007,18(4):341-356. [本文引用: 1]
RijkeJ, BrownR, ZevenbergenC , et al. Fit-for-purpose governance: A framework to make adaptive governance operational , 2012,22:73-84. [本文引用: 1]
Pahl-WostlC . A conceptual framework for analysing adaptive capacity and multi-level learning processes in resource governance regimes , 2009,19(3):354-365. [本文引用: 1]
CoteM, Nightingale AJ . Resilience thinking meets social theory: Situating social change in socio-ecological systems (SES) research , 2012,36(4):475-489. [本文引用: 1]
JiangXianrong, GuoXia . The systematicness of social learning metaphor and urban system adaptive governance Journal of Systems Science, 2016,24(2):59-64. [本文引用: 1]
XuZhen, QiYuan, QiHongchao , et al. Modeling of ecosystem adaptive capability under the framework of social-ecological system Journal of Desert Research, 2010,30(5):1174-1181. Magsci [本文引用: 1] <FONT face=Verdana>基于社会-生态系统框架下适应能力的概念,通过不良影响、抵御能力、恢复能力3个指标构建了生态系统适应能力指数模型ACI=CC·RC/EI,定量衡量区域生态系统对特定胁迫的适应能力并获得其空间分布情况。基于该模型,以兰州市为研究区,以水土流失为外界胁迫因素,评价了兰州市生态系统对水土流失的适应能力。结果表明,兰州市74%以上面积的区域水土流失适应能力指数为0.06~0.61,适应能力表现为中或低,生态系统总体具有高水土流失不良影响、低水土流失抵御能力及低水土流失恢复能力,在过耕、过牧等与水土流失恢复能力不一致的人类活动的胁迫下,易发生生态环境退化。</FONT> [ 徐瑱, 祁元, 齐红超 , 等. 社会—生态系统框架(SES)下区域生态系统适应能力建模研究 , 2010,30(5):1174-1181.] Magsci [本文引用: 1] <FONT face=Verdana>基于社会-生态系统框架下适应能力的概念,通过不良影响、抵御能力、恢复能力3个指标构建了生态系统适应能力指数模型ACI=CC·RC/EI,定量衡量区域生态系统对特定胁迫的适应能力并获得其空间分布情况。基于该模型,以兰州市为研究区,以水土流失为外界胁迫因素,评价了兰州市生态系统对水土流失的适应能力。结果表明,兰州市74%以上面积的区域水土流失适应能力指数为0.06~0.61,适应能力表现为中或低,生态系统总体具有高水土流失不良影响、低水土流失抵御能力及低水土流失恢复能力,在过耕、过牧等与水土流失恢复能力不一致的人类活动的胁迫下,易发生生态环境退化。</FONT>
ZhanYarong, GaiMei . Study on measurement and coordinated development of socio-ecological system resilience in coastal tourism destination Area Research and Development, 2018,37(5):158-164. [本文引用: 1]
AnsellC, GashA . Collaborative governance in theory and practice , 2007,18(4):543-571. [本文引用: 2]
Chaffin BC, Gunderson LH . Emergence, institutionalization and renewal: Rhythms of adaptive governance in complex social-ecological systems , 2016,165:81-87. [本文引用: 2]
Colloff MJ, Martín-LópezB, LavorelS , et al. An integrative research framework for enabling transformative adaptation , 2017,68:87-96. [本文引用: 1]
Bodin? . Collaborative environmental governance: Achieving collective action in social-ecological systems , 2017,357(6352):1114. [本文引用: 1]
MaXuecheng, GongJie, LiuDongqing , et al. Review of social ecological system research: An analysis based on bibliometrics Advances in Earth Science, 2018,33(4):435-444. [本文引用: 1]