Methane fugitive emissions from coal mining and post-mining activities in China
MA Cuimei1, DAI Erfu2,3, LIU Yichen1, WANG Yahui2, WANG Fang41. National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation, Beijing, 100035, China 2. Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
Abstract Methane (CH4) is a major greenhouse gas (GHG) after carbon dioxide (CO2), and coal mining and post-mining activities are the largest sources of CH4 fugitive emissions in China. It is of great significance for China to prepare high-quality national GHG inventory and formulate targeted GHG emission control measures through the systematic study of coal’s fugitive emissions. Following 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, China’s 2010-2016 CH4 emissions from coal mining and post-mining activities were calculated by tier 2 method, that is, the country-specific emission factors, and other sources by tier 1 method, that is, the default emission factors. The trend and composition of CH4 emissions, and implied emission factors were analyzed. The results show that CH4 emissions from China’s coal mining and post-mining activities rose first and then fell, reaching a peak in 2013, and the largest emission category was coal mining of underground mine, up to 83% of the total emissions when CH4 recovery was not considered. The average annual increase of CH4 recovery was 17%, the recovery rate was 27% in 2016, and the highest net emissions after deducting the recycling amount occurred in 2011. There was a large difference between the country-specific implied emission factors, and the country-specific implied emission factor of China was at the lower limit of the default values of the guidelines. The calculation of CH4 fugitive emissions from coal mining and post-mining activities in China have reached advanced level in non-Annex I countries, but there were still some gaps in emission sources, calculation method, and country-specific emission factors compared with Annex I countries. It is recommended that in the future the integrity of the inventory should be improved, the collection of activity data should be strengthened, an in-depth research on characteristic emission factors should be conducted, and the management and technology level of CH4 recycle from coal should be improved. Keywords:underground coal mine;surface coal mine;coal mining;post-mining activities;GHG inventory;country-specific emission factor;fugitive emissions;methane
PDF (7537KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 马翠梅, 戴尔阜, 刘乙辰, 王亚慧, 王芳. 中国煤炭开采和矿后活动甲烷逃逸排放研究. 资源科学[J], 2020, 42(2): 311-322 doi:10.18402/resci.2020.02.10 MA Cuimei, DAI Erfu, LIU Yichen, WANG Yahui, WANG Fang. Methane fugitive emissions from coal mining and post-mining activities in China. RESOURCES SCIENCE[J], 2020, 42(2): 311-322 doi:10.18402/resci.2020.02.10
1 引言
CH4是一类重要的温室气体,自工业化时代以来大气中CH4浓度上升速度较快,已从1750年的722 ppb增长到2011年的1803 ppb,上升了150%[1]。第四次和第五次IPCC评估报告均认为,工业化时期以来大气CH4浓度增加所产生的辐射强迫在所有温室气体中仅次于CO2[1,2],因此近年来CH4的排放和控制引发了国际社会高度关注[3,4,5]。根据美国环保署估算,2005年全球CH4排放量高达68亿t CO2 当量(CO2 eq),占温室气体排放总量的16%,预计未来排放增速还将进一步加快;在所有排放领域中农业活动和能源活动排放位居前两位,分别占全球总量的45%和36%;从排放分布来看中国是最大的排放国家,占全球总量的13%(图1)[3]。2019年6月发布的《中华人民共和国气候变化第二次两年更新报告》[6]显示,2014年中国CH4排放量占温室气体排放总量的10%,能源活动是第一大部门,占CH4排放总量的45%。
Figure 1Global distribution of total CH4 and CH4 from coal mining and post-mining activities by country
长期以来,煤炭在中国一次能源生产和消费构成中一直占70%左右[7,8]。2016年,中国煤炭产量高达全球总产量的40%以上,位居世界首位[9]。煤炭开采、洗选和运输等过程会导致赋存在煤层中的瓦斯(主要成分包括CH4和CO2等)释放到大气,引起大量的温室气体排放。中国是世界第一大煤炭开采和矿后活动CH4排放国家(图1),2005年其排放量占全球的49%[3];2014年,中国煤炭开采和矿后活动CH4逃逸排放量高达4.4亿t CO2 eq,占能源活动CH4排放的85%、全国CH4排放总量的38%、全国温室气体排放总量的3.6%,相当于2014年法国或意大利的国家温室气体排放总量[6,10,11]。已有的少量中国煤炭开采和矿后活动CH4排放相关研究存在计算范围不全,如仅聚焦于某一排放环节[12],方法相对粗略陈旧[13,14,15,16,17]以及排放因子较少采用本国特征 值[12-14,16-18]等问题,也缺少对最近年度的排放量计算与分析,难以有效支撑减排决策以及满足未来履约需求。
Table 1 表1 表1《IPCC 2006指南》煤炭开采和矿后活动排放源计算方法 Table 1Summary of calculation methods for the sources of coal mining and post-mining activities in IPCC 2006
Table 2 表2 表2主要产煤大国煤炭开采和矿后活动各环节CH4逃逸排放计算方法 Table 2Calculation methods for CH4 fugitive emissions from coal mining and post-mining activities in major coal-producing countries
Table 3 表3 表3主要产煤大国煤炭开采和矿后活动各环节CH4国别隐含排放因子 Table 3CH4 implied emission factors of coal mining and post-mining activities in major coal-producing countries (m3/t)
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