关键词:碳基能源;资源流动;节点类型;研究内容;煤炭 Abstract From an industrial and regional view we analyzed nodal elements of energy resource flow, and divided node types. Nodes are divided into production nodes, switch nodes and consumption nodes, as well as abstract nodes. By analyzing functions, nodes not only performed a basic business function, but played a role in flow system efficiency function and social economic overflow function. We analyzed the focus and main methods of different nodes from three aspects of node function, node system and node relation. We suggest that types of nodes are diverse. Analysis of enterprise nodes in industrial chains and analysis of nodes from the perspective of regions was also done. The research content of different nodes has distinct features. At the industrial level, most research focuses on the supply chain and supply network with the logistics perspective, as well as energy utilization with the ecology perspective. However, study from a regional view mostly discusses spatial structure, hierarchical structure and communication relationship of nodes. According to the current situation of node research, we point out inadequacies and suggest relevant research directions. For example, strengthening theoretical research and method integration research is necessary.
节点分析是碳基能源资源流动研究的重要内容,对于探析资源流动的结构模式、空间模式、区域模式以及流动属性、能量转换、功能转变、价值增值和生态效应具有重要意义。通过本文的梳理,得出以下研究认识: (1)不同研究视角中,节点对象类型的选择不完全相同。根据已有研究学科的性质,可以将节点类型的确定归结为产业领域和区域系统两种划分视角。产业领域以国民经济各行业为依据,以生产到消费这一资源生命周期的上下游行业相互联系的企业为依托,划分碳基能源资源流动的行业节点体系,如物流学对于物流节点的研究和产业生态学对于企业节点能源资源利用的研究等。区域系统则是以碳基能源在空间上的优化配置为依据,以不同区域能源流动矢量或交流关系为基础,划分碳基能源资源流动的区域节点体系,如资源科学对于不同区域或城市能源交流的研究等。由此,以产业为依据的节点的确定,其节点功能和职能具有行业运行的特点,而以区域为依据的节点的确定,其节点功能则具有抽象的流动职能特征。 (2)节点研究具有较宽广的研究视角,且不同学科节点研究的关注点具有较大的差异性。目前,碳基能源资源流动节点研究分散在多个学科、不同研究方向之中,因此研究具有多视角、多学科的特点,如资源科学、物流学、生态学等。其中,资源科学主要从空间结构的角度考察节点系统的空间格局、从组织结构的角度考察节点系统的等级体系、从要素结构的角度考察节点系统的类型特征以及从复杂网络结构的角度考察节点矢量的联结特征等。物流学主要从物流装备、管理系统和信息系统建设方面考察物流节点的服务功能、从物流产业链业务发展方面考察物流节点之间的衔接关系和结构特征等。生态学则主要从能源利用的角度,考察资源循环、资源利用效率等。由此可知,碳基能源资源流动节点研究具有鲜明的学科特征,资源科学和物流学是节点研究的主要学科研究视角。 (3)碳基能源资源流动节点分析还存在多方面的研究不足,许多方面有待于进一步深入和拓展。如不同类型节点发展布局的着重点有何差异?节点流动效率如何评价、比较以及空间格局如何?物流产业链条中节点关系如何进行有效衔接?节点发展与布局如何推动能源流动网络的优化?节点竞争关系如何影响其服务范围,并对资源流动体系节点关系造成怎么的影响,其作用机制如何?在资源流场区划中,节点布局与组织结构对其划分有何影响?不同运输方式的节点通道网络研究,其研究内容和研究方法是否具有适应性等等。以上研究内容的开展和解决有利于更加深入地认识碳基能源资源流动节点要素的理论内涵。 碳基能源资源流动解析中节点要素的分析最为基础,因此取得的成果也相对较为丰富。以已有研究成果为基础,综合现有研究内容致力于该领域研究思路的梳理。但因研究方法众多,本文在方法的解析与应用方面,并未面面俱到。同时,对碳基能源资源流动不同类型节点的研究内容和研究方法仅仅基于当前该领域的研究现状。然而,研究内容和方法是一个随时间不断发展变化的动态结构,这就要求今后的研究必须不断紧跟该学科发展的脉络与方向。此外,目前多学科的研究现状,导致基于本学科研究思想的实证研究往往各成一家,而缺乏对节点要素研究思想和理论的整合,是今后需要解决的一个现实科学问题。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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