Rural settlement spatial layout optimization using network center radiation guidance for Yanba Village in Chongqing
SURui1,2,, WANGCheng1,2, 1. School of Geographical Sciences/The Laboratory of Research on Rural Human Settlements, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China2. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, Chongqing 400715, China 通讯作者:通讯作者:王成,E-mail:wchorange@126.com 收稿日期:2017-06-14 修回日期:2018-04-24 网络出版日期:2018-05-10 版权声明:2018《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:国家自然科学基金(41741022)教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(15YJAZH068)中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(XDJK2017B016) 作者简介: -->作者简介: 宿瑞,男,山西太谷人,硕士生,研究方向为土地利用与国土规划。E-mail:surui1009@163.com
关键词:村落空间网络;中心点辐射力;农村居民点体系;重组优化;燕坝村;重庆市 Abstract Rural spatial networks are complex networks consisting of rural settlements and linear facilities. They take rural settlements as nodes and linear facilities as the support; nodes interact within it. Rural spatial networks and node centrality are capable of identifying the key position and influence of nodes in the network, providing a theoretical reference for planning and construction of rural settlements and overall network structure optimization. Taking Yanba Village of Jiangjin district in Chongqing, we established a household and rural settlements database with spatial data links to attribute data by adopting the 3S+PRA method. We measured comprehensive quality and accessibility of rural settlements by comprehensive evaluation and grid analysis methods to determine the connection degree among rural settlements by improved potential models. Using the rural settlements in the village as nodes and the connection degree among rural residential areas are edges, we constructed a village spatial network using complex network theory to identify network center points, radiation intensity and radiation range. The results show that the village spatial network has a typical non-equilibrium hierarchical structure, small world characteristics and scale-free characteristics, and low overall connectivity. According to the radiation of the center points, a network node system consists of I, II and III center node interactions as classified. On this basis, three levels of influence from the whole to parts and individuals and three optimization and recombination patterns are constructed. These include the central village (grade I center) diffusion type, grassroots village (II Center) growth type, and scattered rural settlements (grade III node) promising type.
Keywords:village spatial network;central radiation force;rural settlement system;recombination and optimization;Yanba Village;Chongqing -->0 PDF (8865KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章收藏文章 本文引用格式导出EndNoteRisBibtex收藏本文--> 宿瑞, 王成. 基于网络中心点辐射导向的农村居民点体系重组与优化——以重庆市江津区燕坝村为例[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(5): 958-966 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2018.05.09 SURui, WANGCheng. Rural settlement spatial layout optimization using network center radiation guidance for Yanba Village in Chongqing[J]. RESOURCES SCIENCE, 2018, 40(5): 958-966 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2018.05.09
燕坝村(106°07'13"E—106°08'56"E,29°08'44"N—29°08'45"N)属于重庆现代农业园核心展示区,位于重庆市江津区龙华镇西南部,毗邻长江和渝泸(重庆-泸州)高速公路,区位条件优越。属亚热带季风气候,地形以低山丘陵兼河谷平坝为主。全村幅员面积11.12 km2,辖井坝社、彭家山社、石桥社、莲花社、新街社及中房社等6个合作社,2015年全村农户2279户,总人口6407人,人均纯收入11 169元。村内农村居民点用地呈“满天星”式分布格局,形态多样、布局散乱,且规模不一,住宅建筑结构多样(钢混18.50%、砖混31.60%、砖瓦44.50%、土坯5.40%),总面积169.62hm2。2010年被重庆市确立为“整村推进国土整治市区共建示范村”,现已建成新型农村社区“巴渝新居”,其基础设施完善,公共服务设施配备齐全,占地面积8.65hm2;已有瀚阳、亨嘉、渝欣牧业等15家农业企业入驻,土地流转规模达533.33hm2,初步建成现代农业产业集群和农村观光休闲中心,吸引了本村1000多名农户就业(图1)。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图1燕坝村土地利用现状 -->Figure 1Land use of Yanba Village -->
村落空间网络是由全村农村居民点及其联结度构成的复杂网络。运用UCINET软件计算网络密度、聚集系数及平均路径长度,得出网络密度为0.344,表明网络整体联系程度较低;聚集系数为2.204>1,平均路径长度为1.347>1,小世界值为1.636,表明网络的小世界特征较为显著,村落空间网络的连通性与集聚性较强。运用公式(2)计算网络节点的度中心性,剖析村落空间网络的拓扑结构,并采用自然断裂法对其进行分级。基于此,将节点强度值定位于网络节点之上,节点间的联结度作为连接边,并运用ArcGIS10.2空间分析功能实现村落空间网络结构图的可视化表达(图2)。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图2村落空间网络结构注:图中数字表示节点强度大于15的高节点。 -->Figure 2The village space network structure -->
根据村落空间网络结构特征内高强度节点和中强度节点均对网络产生重要作用,运用公式(3)测度其凝聚中心性,识别网络中心点;运用公式(4)和扩展断裂点模型厘定中心点的辐射强度与辐射范围,利用ArcGIS10.2统计分析功能得出中心点辐射范围内的相关情况。基于此,划分中心点等级,形成Ⅰ级中心点、Ⅱ级中心点和Ⅲ级节点共同作用的网络节点体系(图3)。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图3村落空间网络节点体系及中心点辐射示意注:图中数字表示Ⅰ级中心点、Ⅱ级中心点。 -->Figure 3The village space network node system and the radiation of central point -->
根据中心点的辐射能力和网络节点体系的构成要素,从“整体-局部-个体”的辐射等级入手,构建中心村(Ⅰ级中心点)扩散型、基层村(Ⅱ级中心点)增长型、散居农村居民点(Ⅲ级节点)挖潜型等三类优化重组模式(图4)。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图4村落农村居民点体系重组与优化示意注:图中数字表示Ⅰ级中心点、Ⅱ级中心点。 -->Figure 4Recombination and optimization of rural residential land system -->
(1)村落空间网络具有非均衡层次结构、小世界特征及无标度特性,网络节点间的联系方式与密切程度呈现差异多样化。根据复杂网络节点分析方法,识别出网络中心点及其辐射强度与辐射范围。由于各中心点所吸引的农户及农村居民点的辐射半径与影响范围各异,将其分级以形成Ⅰ级中心点、Ⅱ级中心点和Ⅲ级节点共同作用的网络节点体系。这一结果与吕国玮等[26]采取公众参与形式,兼顾乡村文脉保护和利益相关者诉求下确定的燕坝村农村居民点的分级调整方案相契合,表明根据村落空间网络结构特征,剖析农村居民点辐射能力,厘定农村居民点体系重组优化模式这一方法是可行的,为农村居民点重构提供了新思路。 (2)根据中心点的辐射能力和网络节点体系的构成要素,从“整体-局部-个体”3个影响层次着手,构建中心村(Ⅰ级中心点)扩散型、基层村(Ⅱ级中心点)增长型、散居农村居民点(Ⅲ级节点)挖潜型等三类优化重组模式,这一结果与杜相佐等[18]基于引力模型识别出村域核心节点,并融贯村域环境和农户意愿构建的三类农村居民点重构类型及“中心-基层”两个等级的农村居民点体系基本吻合,为燕坝村农村居民点体系规划与建设提供依据。 (3)在测度农村居民点潜能时综合考虑了农村居民点的自然条件、区位因素及社会经济等影响,距离阈值采取农村居民点之间的时间距离来替代空间距离,较好地体现了农村居民点的通达性。运用改进的潜能模型与复杂网络节点分析法,构建了村落空间网络并剖析了节点的中心性与辐射力,较好地模拟了网络节点间的作用关系。现阶段潜能模型与网络分析法的研究涉及了宏观、中观及微观等不同尺度,已应用于不同等级农村居民点网络的时空格局研究。但在研究中,仍需进一步扩展样本村数据以进行对比研究,进一步定量剖析网络结构特征的驱动因素;同时,政策因素、传统习俗和机会成本等将直接影响农村居民点优化重组效果,如何综合这一系列因素以完善农村居民点规划布局成为今后研究的方向。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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