关键词:滨海湿地;CH4排放;影响因素 Abstract Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and contributes 15% to global warming. Coastal wetlands, one of the important intertidal ecosystems at the land-ocean interface, are considered a large potential natural source of CH4. In this paper, the study dynamics of CH4 production process, CH4 flux characteristic and affecting factors are summarized. The study of CH4 production processes is mainly based on molecular biology, with much research in freshwater wetlands. The CH4 flux characteristics in coastal wetlands has distinct temporal-spatial variation affected by many factors, such as soil physical and chemical properties, hydrological conditions and plant communities. The hydrological condition is a determining factor for the production and emission of CH4, effects of temperature and pH on CH4 emissions by affecting the methanogenic activity. Research on the effect of salinity on CH4 of coastal wetlands has mainly focused on concentration, and the study of composition of plasma in salt is not deep. The transmission of plants is the basis for the study of CH4 emission dynamics, and there are many studies on the effects of plant species and density on CH4 emissions. With human activities and environmental pressure, there is a great influence on coastal wetlands CH4 emissions. CH4 emissions from coastal wetlands are affected by many factors, and the process is complicated. Aspects to strengthen in the future include the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on CH4 emission, especially the effect of ion composition and concentration in salt on CH4 emissions; the effects of plants on CH4 emissions;the effects of human activities on CH4 emissions;and evaluation of CH4 flux at long time scales and across large spaces.
鉴于目前的研究现状,今后应在以下几个方面加强滨海湿地甲烷排放的研究: (1)加强盐分对滨海湿地CH4排放等一系列过程的影响研究。盐分中各组成离子间的交互效应以及不同地域间的离子浓度差异对滨海湿地CH4一系列过程的影响机制应成为今后研究重点。 (2)加强植物体本身对CH4排放规律和影响机制的研究。明确不同植被类型对滨海湿地CH4排放的贡献,揭示植物体和微生物之间的交互作用以及对CH4排放的影响机制。 (3)加强生物因素和非生物因素对滨海湿地CH4作用机制的研究,揭示人类活动(土地利用、养殖活动以及水体富营养化等),天文潮等多种因素在CH4排放中的作用,阐明多种因素共同作用下CH4排放的规律和差异。 (4)加强滨海湿地CH4排放通量研究,进行大范围下长期连续观测,深入探究滨海湿地CH4排放与环境影响因子之间的关系,建立预测模型,为准确估算全球CH4排放通量提供依据,解决全球气候变化问题提供参考和措施。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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