Modeling of farmer household psychological decision-making in farmland transfer
CHENGJian1,, CHENGJiumiao1,, FEILuocheng1, XUYuting1,2, ZHOUYihu3 1.College of Territorial Resources and Tourism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,China2. College of Geographic and Oceanographic Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China3. College of Public Administration,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China 通讯作者:通讯作者:程久苗,E-mail:jmcheng@mail.ahnu.edu.cn 收稿日期:2016-12-10 修回日期:2017-05-5 网络出版日期:2017-05-20 版权声明:2017《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:国家青年自然基金项目(41401123)国家自然科学基金项目(71603003)安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目(AHSKY2015D73) 作者简介: -->作者简介:程建,男,安徽安庆人,硕士生,主要研究方向为土地利用与土地政策。E-mail:chengjian@ahnu.edu.cn
关键词:农地流转;行为意愿;心理决策模型;计划行为理论;结构方程模型 Abstract Based on questionnaire data from rural households in Suzhou , Jieshou , Langxi , Feixi and Fengyang of Anhui Province,the behavioral intention of households to participate in farmland transfer was analyzed from the perspective of internal psychological characteristics using theory of planned behavior and structural equation modeling. We found that during the decision-making of farmland transfer,households' attitudes toward behavior,subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have significant effects on decision-making. For these three influencing factors,attitudes toward behavior has the greatest effect,the perceived behavioral control has a minor effect and subjective norms have the smallest effect. The attitudes toward behavior are mainly based on the instrumental attitude influence, transfer benefit and sustainable livelihoods are the major factors to formulate attitudes toward behavior. Perceived behavioral control affects willingness expression and directly affects behavioral occurrence. In subjective norms,the group's opinion has the greatest effect,so the design of transfer policies should pay more attention to grassroot self-governing organizations. Household transfer behavior and willingness are mostly the same,some differences are mainly due to the moderating effect of objective factors such as family resource endowment, market environment and policy systems.
Keywords:farmland transfer;farmer households' willingness and behavior;Psychological Decision-making Model;Theory of Planned Behavior;Structural Equation Modeling -->0 PDF (888KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章收藏文章 本文引用格式导出EndNoteRisBibtex收藏本文--> 程建, 程久苗, 费罗成, 徐玉婷, 周翼虎. 农地流转农户心理决策模型研究[J]. , 2017, 39(5): 818-826 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2017.05.02 CHENGJian, CHENGJiumiao, FEILuocheng, XUYuting, ZHOUYihu. Modeling of farmer household psychological decision-making in farmland transfer[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(5): 818-826 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2017.05.02
计划行为理论(Theory of Planned Behavior,TPB)最早由Ajzen提出[16],是从信息加工角度,以期望价值理论为出发点解释个体行为一般决策过程的理论[17]。该理论认为意愿是影响行为的直接因素,而行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制是通过作用于意愿进而影响行为。行为态度(Attitudes toward the Behavior,AB)是指个人对某项行为所持的正面或负面的感觉,即个人对特定行为的评价经过概念化之后所形成的态度,行为态度越正面,个体行为意愿也就越强;主观规范(Subjective Norms,SN)是指个人对于是否采取某项行为所感受到的社会压力,即那些对个人的行为决策具有影响力的个人或团体对于个人是否采取某项特定行为所发挥的影响作用大小,个体受到重要他人的支持越强,行为意愿也就越强;知觉行为控制(Perceived Behavioral Control,PBC;或译为“感知行为控制”)反映个人过去的经验和预期的阻碍,当个人认为自己所掌握的资源与机会愈多、所预期的阻碍愈少,则知觉行为控制就愈强,行为意愿也就越强,知觉行为控制既影响意愿,亦能直接影响行为。
依据假设模型,将调研数据整理后输入AMOS 21.0软件进行假设模型内在质量检验。潜在变量的组合信度(≥0.60为佳)为模型内在质量判别准则之一,参数估计表中三个潜在变量的组合信度系数值均大于0.60,表示数据整体信度理想,假设模型内在质量较好。平均方差抽取量(≥0.50为佳)作为一种收敛效度指标,可以直接显示被潜在构念所解释的变异量有多少是来自测量误差。平均方差抽取量越大,指标变量被潜在构念所解释的变异量百分比越大,相对的测量误差就越小。参数估计表中平均方差抽取值均大于0.50,表示测量指标能有效反映其共同因素构念的潜在特质(表2)。 Table 2 表2 表2假设模型质量检验 Table 2Quality test of hypothesis model
应用SEM进行数据分析能够在建模的同时描述出模型拟合程度,为进一步优化模型提供了参考。在假设模型内在质量检验时,有两个修正指标值大于5.000,说明测量指标的测量误差间并非完全独立无关,假设模型变量间还有参数可释放。遂增设误差值e9与e10,以及e16与e17间的共变关系,即将这两组变量间的关系释放,由此有效减低了卡方值,且不违背理论假设。 两组误差变量关系释放后,整体适配度变化如下:卡方值由64.031减为56.425,显著性概率值变为0.814>0.05,接受虚无假设,表示假设模型和实际数据可以契合。卡方自由度比由1.000变为0.896,FMIN值由0.152变为0.134,NCP值由0.031变为0.000,RMSEA值由0.038变为0.011,ECVI值由0.273变为0.255,表示参数释放后模型的适配情形较之前更佳(表3)。 Table 3 表3 表3修正模型适配度指标摘要 Table 3Model fit summary of correction model
从以上模型拟合结果来看,模型界定没有问题,研究假设可行。执行标准化参数估计后即得农户心理决策模型,系数大小反映影响力强度(图1)。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图1农地流转农户心理决策模型注:矩形、椭圆形、圆形分别代表观察变量、潜变量、残差项,路径系数为数据处理结果。 -->Figure 1Farmer households psychological decision-making model on farmland transfer -->
(1)行为意愿研究主要作用在于解释和预测,解释是基础而预测是目的,预测为政策制定指明方向。“影响因素—意愿”相关分析模式下,主要在于解释而非预测,并且随着研究区的改变,主导影响因素也会发生变化,因而某一地区的研究盲目借用其他地区的指标时便会出现问题,而导致得出的结论并不可靠。而在TPB分析模式下,是通过探明农户的心理决策模式来考虑政策制定的,只有成功的致力于调节农户心理的政策设计才会表现出更高的政策效率,这一模式对改善政策制定方法有一定借鉴意义。 (2)大量乡村研究都认同农户决策受外部规范的影响[24,25],且不同层级规范对农户决策作用程度不同,多数认为规范层级越高,影响力越强。不同的是,本研究发现农地流转过程中基层群众自治组织表现的实际作用更大,反映了自我教育、自我管理、自我服务的特点,而政府及其相关部门对农户决策影响则相对较弱。这为合理设计流转政策、构建流转服务组织提供了启示。 (3)近年来,有研究调研发现农户决策过程中意愿与行为存在差异[27],本研究证实了这一点。由构建的模型分析认为:家庭资源禀赋、市场环境和政策制度等客观因素对农户决策的调控作用是造成这一差异的重要原因,这与钟晓兰等外部环境影响论的观点相似[27]。TPB最新研究认为,意愿与行为之间可能存在中间变量,这为研究农户意愿与行为错位现象提供了新的思路,后续研究可深入挖掘中间变量以丰富和完善农户心理决策模型,进一步提高模型解释力和预测力。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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