The suitability pattern of territorial development in the Yellow River Delta under national strategy
ZHANGShumin1,, ZHANGBaolei2, 1. Institute of Regional Economic Research,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250014,China2. College of population,Resources and Environment,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China 通讯作者:通讯作者:张宝雷,E-mail:blzhangsd@gmail.com 收稿日期:2015-12-10 修回日期:2016-02-5 网络出版日期:2016-05-25 版权声明:2016《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:国家自然科学基金青年项目(41401663)教育部人文社会科学青年项目(11YJC790283;12YJC790254)2014 年度山东省高等学校优秀中青年骨干教师国际合作培养计划资助 作者简介: -->作者简介:张淑敏,女,山东济宁人,博士,副教授,研究方向为区域经济与资源开发。E-mail:zhangsmsd13@gmail.com
关键词:区域发展战略;国土开发适宜性;黄河三角洲高效生态经济区 Abstract The implementation of national strategy has an impact on regional suitability and promotes regional land and resource development. The analysis of the suitability pattern of territorial development under the background of national strategy is a scientific foundation through which to optimize spatial patterns and promote coordinated development. We took the Yellow River Delta as our study area,the years 2006,2009 and 2012,and constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system of national development regarding development constraint,development demand and development potential. We evaluated single factors using a GIS spatial clustering method,carried out a comprehensive evaluation at the county level using the weighted summation method model,and explored the influence of regional strategy on suitability. We found that in 2012 the evaluation values of land development suitability was low with only 0.363,and the evaluation values of development constraint,demand and potential were 0.223,0.081,0.059 respectively. Spatially,the distributed characteristics of land development suitability had a feature of central > eastern > western,meaning that Dongying City was the highest suitability region,and counties in eastern were generally of higher suitability than counties in the west. During the year 2006- 2009,due to development demand and potential reduced,even resources and environment constraints weakened,the development suitability of the area decreased apparently. After the implementation of the national strategy,the development demand and potential increased,even resources and environment constraints enhanced because of continuous use despite of the efforts of environment protection,the development suitability of the area showed the trend of increasing. This gives us the warning,in the future process of industrialization and urbanization,we should pay particular attention to enhance the reasonable use of resources and management as well as to the environment protection and restoration.
黄河三角洲高效生态经济区(以下简称黄三角)范围包括山东省的东营、滨州两市以及潍坊的寒亭区、寿光市和昌邑市、德州的庆云县和乐陵市、淄博的高青县和烟台的莱州市,共涉及19个县(市、区),总面积2.63万km2,占山东省总面积的16.8%(图1)。该区土地后备资源得天独厚,黄河冲积年均造地 0.1 万hm2,当前,区内拥有未利用地近53.3万hm2, 且集中连片分布。同时,该区属世界上典型的河口湿地生态系统,是中国八大生态脆弱区之一。2009年上升为中国唯一的高效生态经济战略发展区。2012年底人口总数1003万,占全省总人口的10.4%,地区生产总值达到5661亿元,占全省地区生产总值的11.3%,人均GDP达到56 433元,高出山东省平均水平479元。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图1黄河三角洲高效生态经济区范围及位置 -->Figure 1The location and scale of the Yellow River Delta -->
2.2 数据来源
(1)统计数据:包括2006年、2009年、2012年常住人口、GDP、三次产业增加值、农业就业人口、农林牧渔业总产值、全社会固定资产投资、地方财政一般预算收入等经济社会数据和部分自然资源数据,主要来源于山东统计年鉴[19]、山东农村统计年鉴[20]和中国区域经济统计年鉴[21],水资源数据来源于山东省水资源公报[22]。 (2)空间数据:空间数据包括行政界线、高程数据(DEM)、坡度(slope)数据和土地利用数据。其中,行政界线数据来源于国家 1:100 万基础地形图矢量化成果[23],土壤数据来源于联合国粮农组织(FAO)和维也纳国际应用系统研究所(IIASA)所构建的世界土壤数据库(Harmonized World Soil Database version 1.1 )(HWSD)[24],高程数据来源于山东省1:5万地形图(高斯—克吕格投影,6°分带);土地利用数据包含2006年、2009年和2012年3个年份,全部来源于山东省土地利用变更调查数据系列,该系列数据采用2002年执行的《全国土地利用分类》[25]。
2.3 研究方法与技术流程
研究技术流程为:选取评价对象→确定评价单位→选取评价因子/指标→因子/指标权重确定→单因子评价和综合评价。 (1)评价指标体系构建。从黄三角实际出发,根据国土开发适宜性综合评价的科学内涵,遵循系统性、科学性、可代表性和独立性原则,从目标层、准则层、支撑层和要素层4个层级构建评价指标体系(表1)。即目标层是国土空间承载城镇化和工业化发展的适宜性综合评价;准则层包含开发约束、开发需求及水平、开发潜力3个维度[26]。 Table 1 表1 表1黄三角国土开发适宜性综合评价指标体系 Table 1The index system of comprehensive evaluation of land spatial development suitability of the Yellow River Delta
以黄三角19个县(市、区)为单元,采用17个要素层2006年、2009年和2012年的实际指标值,进行单因子和综合评价分级,分别计算黄三角国土开发约束、开发需求及水平、开发潜力值,最后计算国土开发适宜性综合评价值。为了分析国土开发空间差异,将单因子和综合评价得分按照等区间法(Equal Interval)分为高、较高、中等、较低和低5个等级(图2)。并计算2006-2009年和2009-2012年的两个阶段各县(市、区)国土空间开发单因子及综合评价的变化值(图3)。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图22012年黄三角国土开发适宜性空间差异 -->Figure 2Space differences of land development in the Yellow River Delta in 2012 -->
显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图32006年、2009年和2012年黄三角县(市、区)国土开发各评价值的变化量 -->Figure 3Differences of land development evaluation value in the Yellow River Delta in 2006,2009 and 2012 -->
基于黄河三角洲高效生态经济区上升为国家战略这一时代背景,运用系统分析方法,开展国土开发适宜性综合评价,探讨在国家战略实施背景下区域国土开发的变化,有助于为区域可持续发展和协调发展提供科学基础和决策支持。研究结果表明: (1)2012年黄三角国土开发适宜性较低,评价值为0.363,准则层开发约束、开发需求及水平、开发潜力评价值分别为0.223、0. 081和0.059。从空间分布上看,东营市开发适宜性最高,其次是东部地区,西部地区开发适宜性最低。 (2)2006-2009年,黄三角国土开发约束减弱,开发需求及水平减弱,开发潜力减少,说明国家战略实施前,虽然工业化和城镇化发展受资源和生态环境约束逐渐降低,但开发利用程度减弱,发展潜力变弱,总体上开发适宜性减弱。2009-2012年,黄三角开发约束增强,但开发需求及水平增强,开发潜力增加,说明战略实施后,黄三角工业化和城镇化发展受资源环境约束程度有所加大,开发步伐加快,同时开发潜力开始发挥作用,因此开发适宜性出现增加趋势。 (3)黄三角应以国土开发适宜性评价为基础,发现总结国家战略的实施对区域国土开发各方面的影响,并以此作为调整开发战略部署的依据。以本文研究而言,黄三角国家战略的实施,加快了区域开发速度,但由于持续开发利用,虽然开发过程中加强了生态保护,区域开发受资源环境约束仍出现一定程度的增强,这就给人们以警示,在加快推进新型工业化与城镇化的过程中,尤其要注意加强生态环境的治理、保护和修复,统筹水土资源的开发利用和保护等。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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