Characteristics of wind and sand flows in the Mongolian section of the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor
CUI Kejun,1,2,3,4,5, LI Shengyu,1,2,3,4,5, FAN Jinglong1,2,4,5, WANG Haifeng1,2,3,5, MENG Xiaoyu1,2,3,4,5, MIAO Jiamin1,2,3,4,5, LV Zhentao1,2,3,4,51. National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China 3. Mosuowan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China 4. Taklimakan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China 5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract Mongolia is the main route area of China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor. Since 1990, the degradation of ecosystems has posed a severe challenge to Mongolia, especially the grasslands are seriously degraded, and the desertified grasslands reach one third of the total area of the country. Mongolia will have more economic construction activities in its desertified grassland area in the future, and wind and sand disaster control will be one of the major tasks. The China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor crosses the main substratum ecotype landscape areas of Mongolia. In this paper, the wind erosion desertification area along the north-south longitudinal railroad in Mongolia is used as the target area for the study of wind and sand flow in four observation areas along the line, namely, Darkhan, Choir, Sayinshanda and Zamyn-Uud. Results show that: (1) The horizontal sand transport of wind and sand flow both decrease with increasing height, and the most suitable fitting functions for both vary with the subsurface, with Darkhan and Choir being exponential functions, while Sayinshanda and Zamyn-Uud are power function. (2) The spatial distribution of annual sand transport flux is not the same for each observation area, with the largest in Choir, followed by Darkhan, Zamyn-Uud, and the smallest in Sainshanda, which is different from the traditional perception. (3) The spatial distribution of sand transport fluxes from wind and sand streams is related to a variety of influencing factors. Choir has a high frequency of spring droughts because of the influence of the tail-end ocean currents, which coincides with the season of frequent strong winds, high wind speeds and severe wind erosion; other areas have relatively low frequency of spring droughts, among which, Darkhan is located in the northern valley area with better natural conditions, but wind erosion is stronger due to agricultural land reclamation and overgrazing, while in Zamyn-Uud and Sayinshanda, the winds in the windy season are relatively weak and the grazing intensity is low, so the wind erosion is light. The findings of this paper have important reference value for Mongolia to take targeted measures in wind and sand disaster and desertification control according to local conditions, and may also provide supporting evidence for the drastic changes of desertification. Keywords:aeolian-sand flow;fitting function;characteristic value;sediment flux;spatial difference;influencing factor
PDF (4317KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 崔珂军, 李生宇, 范敬龙, 王海峰, 孟晓于, 苗佳敏, 吕振涛. 中蒙俄经济走廊蒙古国段的风沙流特征[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(11): 3092-3102 doi:10.11821/dlyj020210416 CUI Kejun, LI Shengyu, FAN Jinglong, WANG Haifeng, MENG Xiaoyu, MIAO Jiamin, LV Zhentao. Characteristics of wind and sand flows in the Mongolian section of the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor[J]. Geographical Research, 2021, 40(11): 3092-3102 doi:10.11821/dlyj020210416
地表植被盖度越大,下垫面粗糙度也越大,有利于消耗近地表风能,不利于风蚀起沙。根据GLDAS(Global Land Data Assimilation System,https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/)数据库中蒙古国2001—2015年的气象数据,绘制了2020年3—5月蒙古国风速空间分布图(图6),发现乔伊尔地区风速大于其他观测区,加之此时气温升高、降水少、地表植被盖度低(尚未返青植被受放牧影响),表层土壤干燥,极易发生风蚀。因此,春季较大风速和较少降水是乔伊尔地区输沙强度远大于其他观测区的主要原因。
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