李大伟^1,,
雷蕾²,
谢光茂³,
刘康体⁴,
麻晓荣⁴,
黄鑫⁵,
李浩^6,,
1. 广西民族大学, 广西 南宁 530006
2. 贵州大学, 贵州 贵阳 550025
3. 广西文物保护与考古研究所, 广西 南宁 530003
4. 右江民族博物馆, 广西 百色 533000
5. 右江区文物管理所, 广西 百色 533000
6. 中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源 重点实验室, 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所, 北京 100044

基金项目: 中国科学院（B类和A类）战略性先导科技专项项目（批准号：XDB26000000和XDA19050102）、国家社会科学基金项目（批准号：18CKG004）、中国科学院****和广西哲学社会科学规划项目（批准号：17CKG001）共同资助


详细信息

作者简介: 李大伟, 男, 36岁, 副研究员, 旧石器时代考古、科技考古, E-mail:dwei.li@163.com

通讯作者: 李浩, E-mail:lihao@ivpp.ac.cn

中图分类号: K871.11;K876.2

收稿日期:2019-11-29
修回日期:2020-09-22
刊出日期:2021-01-30

Investigation and study of handaxe sites in the Chengbihe reservoir region, Baise Basin, Guangxi

LI Dawei^1,,
LEI Lei²,
XIE Guangmao³,
LIU Kangti⁴,
MA Xiaorong⁴,
HUANG Xin⁵,
LI Hao^6,,
1. Guangxi University of Nationalities, Nanning 530006, Guangxi
2. Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou
3. Guangxi Institute of Cultural Relic Protection and Archaeology, Nanning 530022, Guangxi
4. Youjiang Museum of Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi
5. Cultural Relics Management Department of Youjiang District, Baise 533000, Guangxi
6. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044


More Information

Corresponding author: LI Hao,E-mail:lihao@ivpp.ac.cn

MSC: K871.11;K876.2

--> Received Date: 29 November 2019
Revised Date: 22 September 2020
Publish Date: 30 January 2021


摘要
摘要:广西百色盆地是我国南方最早发现和报道手斧的区域。狭义上的百色盆地位于右江干流的河谷地带，而广义上的百色盆地还包括了右江支流澄碧河流域的一部分（即澄碧河下游的澄碧河库区）。近期，由多家单位组成的联合科考队在澄碧河库区开展了野外调查工作，目前已在澄碧河第4级阶地上发现旧石器时代早期遗址18处，采集各类石制品300余件，另有60件玻璃陨石。值得关注的是，在其中的14处遗址中都发现了类似西方阿舍利技术的手斧工具，数量共计88件。澄碧河库区是目前百色盆地内手斧分布密度最高的地区之一，为深入探讨中国手斧工具的技术与形态特征，以及东西方古人类技术与文化的交流与传播提供了宝贵材料。玻璃陨石的发现表明，澄碧河库区含手斧遗址年代与目前已知的右江干流地区含手斧遗址的年代相近，处于早-中更新世过渡阶段。
关键词: 百色盆地/
澄碧河库区/
旧石器时代早期/
手斧/
玻璃陨石

Abstract:The Baise Basin in Guangxi is an important region where handaxes were discovered and reported. In this study, we further report lithic assemblages found from the Chengbihe River Valley(i.e., the Chengbihe Reservoir Region), which is a tributary of the Youjiang River and can be regarded as a key sub-area of the Baise Basin. A joint research team has carried out field investigations in the Chengbihe Reservoir Region in recent years, and 18 early Paleolithic sites have been found on the fourth terrace of the Chengbihe River, along with the collection of more than 300 stone artifacts and approximately 60 tektites in the region. Importantly, a total of 88 handaxes were identified from 14 sites, making the Chengbihe Reservoir Region a rare and important region to study the evolution of handaxe technology in China and their possible connection with the West. The discovery of tektites shows that the age of handaxes found in the Chengbihe Reservoir Region can be placed to ca. 0.8 Ma.
Based on previous studies, tektites from the fourth terrace of the Baise Basin belong to the Asia-Australia tektite disseminating region occurred in the Early-Middle Pleistocene. As early as 1996, tektites from the Baigu site in the Baise Basin has been dated to ca. 732 ka through the fission track dating method, and then in 2000, the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating method was applied to the terrace four tektites which was buried in the same layer with stone artifacts, and a result of ca. 803 ka was obtained. According to these results, we suggest that handaxes from the fourth terrace of the Chengbihe Reservoir Region can be likely assigned to the transitional stage between early and middle Pleistocene.
Handaxes have been discovered at most of these sites(14 out of 18), with a total number of 88 in the whole lithic assemblage. Detailed technological and morphological studies have been conducted for handaxes, and the results show that cobbles collected from the nearby river bed were mainly used to make handaxes, with a preference of using quartzite raw material (n=69, 78.4%). Regarding the blanks, cobbles (n=62, 70.5%) were predominantly used to make handaxes, along with a small number of large flake blanks being exploited. A large quantity of handaxes has been bifacially flaked (n=65, 73.9%), and the number of flaking scars ranges from 8 to 47, with a mean scar number of 21.5 for all handaxes. Morphologically, cross-section at the distal ends of handaxes is dominated by plano-convex and bi-convex shape, and the angles at tips are sharp and may probably be used for cutting and/or chopping function.
The origins of handaxe technology at the Baise Basin have long been debated, and two opposite opinions exist: cultural transmission versus convergent evolution. As one of the dense regions bearing handaxes, materials reported in this paper from the Chengbihe Reservoir Region provide new and important information for understanding the technological characteristics of handaxe industry in China, as well as the origins and evolution of such an advanced technology in the Paleolithic period.
Key words:Baise Basin/
Chengbihe Reservoir region/
early Paleolithic/
Handaxe/
tektite



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