摘要:利用佛山地区2017年1月至2019年10月高精度微压计数据，统计分析佛山地区不同类型雷暴天气的大气重力波频谱特征，结果表明：雷暴天气与重力波的生成、发展密切相关，长周期（90～270 min）、短周期（1～90 min）重力波在不同类型雷暴天气有明显的差异。不同类型雷暴期间，都有大振幅（≥110 Pa）、宽周期范围的长周期重力波，但是强雷暴期间长周期重力波的振幅更大、周期范围更宽，中心振幅大于130 Pa的重力波发生的比率更高；不同类型雷暴激发的短周期重力波具有共同特征，表现为周期10～90 min、中心振幅11～47 Pa，但是大部分强雷暴都会激发10～90 min短周期重力波，发生的比率高于弱雷暴，并且强雷暴更易激发更短周期（1～20 min）重力波，更利于振幅较大（≥50 Pa）的短周期重力波发生。近距离雷暴比远距离雷暴对长、短周期重力波有更积极的影响。部分雷暴发生前约114～168 min，会有长、短周期重力波先兆活动，其中，长周期（90～270 min）重力波平均中心振幅84～106 Pa、短周期（30～90 min）重力波平均中心振幅12～43 Pa；相比远距离雷暴，近距离雷暴的重力波先兆活动发生比率更高；雷暴强度对重力波先兆活动也有影响，强雷暴过程振幅更大、短周期（20～30 min）的重力波先兆活动发生率更高。重力波先兆活动这一特征可能对雷暴预警有意义。
关键词:重力波/
振幅/
微压计/
雷暴类型/
短周期/
长周期
Abstract:Taking advantage of the high-precision microbarograph data from Jan 2017 to Oct 2019 in Foshan, a statistical analysis of the frequency spectrum characteristics of the atmospheric gravity waves during various types of thunderstorms in Foshan was presented. Results showed that the thunderstorms were closely related to the occurrence and development of gravity waves. Long-period (90–270 min) and short-period (1–90 min) gravity waves presented different features during various types of thunderstorms. Long-period gravity waves exhibited large amplitudes (≥110 Pa) and wide periodic ranges. Most of strong storms resulted in long-period gravity waves with increased amplitudes and wide period ranges. An increased occurrence rate of long-period gravity waves with center amplitudes greater than 130 Pa was also observed. On the other hand, short-period gravity waves exhibited period ranges of about 10–90 min and center amplitudes of about 11–47 Pa. Strong storms could also spark short-period (10–90 min) gravity waves with a higher occurrence rate than that with weak storms. Furthermore, strong storms were more likely to initiate shorter periods (1–20 min) of gravity waves with larger amplitudes (≥50 Pa) than weak storms. The near-distance storms exerted a more positive impact on the long-period and short-period gravity waves compared with the far-distance storms. Before part of the storms occurred, long-period and short-period gravity waves showed precursor activities with an advancing time of about 114–168 min. Moreover, the center amplitudes of the long-period (90–270 min) and short-period (30–90 min) gravity waves were 84–106 Pa and 12–43 Pa, respectively. The near-distance storms exhibited a higher occurrence rate of the gravity waves’ precursor activities than that of the far-distance storms. Strong storms resulted in larger amplitudes of waves and higher occurrence rates of short-period (20–30 min) gravity waves’ precursor activities than weak storms. The precursor activity of the gravity waves may be meaningful in severe storm warnings.
Key words:Gravity wave/
Amplitude/
Microbarograph/
Storm type/
Short period/
Long period
PDF全文下载地址:
http://www.iapjournals.ac.cn/qhhj/article/exportPdf?id=5028efa2-ef86-4743-9583-f6dde18f110a
