摘要:基于2001年和2010年中分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS（MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer）土地覆盖数据，利用公共陆面模式（Community Land Model, CLM）模拟真实的土地利用/覆盖变化（Land Use/Cover Change, LUCC）对地表能量平衡和水分循环过程的影响。研究表明：1）在2001～2010年，中国LUCC最明显的区域位于干旱半干旱区过渡带、半干旱半湿润区过渡带和南方地区；中国区域荒漠减少0.92%，草地减少0.01%，农田增加0.77%，森林增加2.86%，植被覆盖度整体增加。2）在2001年和2010年两种土地利用/覆盖背景下，LUCC使大部分地区感热通量增加，植被蒸腾、蒸发潜热通量增加，土壤表面蒸发潜热通量减小。3）LUCC使大部分地区地表径流减小；中国西北东部、华北和东北地区土壤湿度减小，其他地区土壤湿度增加，仅干旱半干旱过渡带上的土壤湿度发生了显著变化。4）当典型过渡带区域由荒漠变为草地后，感热通量增加1.11 W m?2，潜热通量增加0.14 W m?2；冠层蒸腾和蒸发分别增加0.039 mm d?1、0.009 mm d?1。土壤湿度平均减小0.01 m3 m?3，且随深度增加变干更明显，这是由于根系吸收了较多深层土壤水分，以满足植被显著增加的蒸腾而产生的结果。当草地变为灌木时，其能量通量和水分循环的变化与上述结果类似。
关键词:陆面过程模型（CLM）/
陆面过程/
土地利用/覆盖变化/
中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）
Abstract:Based on MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land cover data, this study simulated the effects of real land use/cover change (LUCC) from 2001 to 2010 on land surface energy balance and water cycle process using Community Land Model (CLM). The results showed the following: 1) The most dramatic changes in China were located in the transition zones of arid/semiarid areas and semiarid/semi-humid areas, and the areas in southern China during 2001–2010. The barren land decreased by 0.92%, grassland decreased by 0.01%, cropland increased by 0.77%, and forest increased by 2.86%, indicating increased vegetation coverage on the whole. 2) In the case of land use/cover in 2001 and 2010, LUCC increased sensible heat in most parts of China. Canopy transpiration and canopy evaporation latent heat fluxes increased, while ground evaporation heat flux decreased. 3) LUCC decreased the surface runoff in most parts of China. Soil moisture decreased in eastern northwest, North China, and northeast regions but increased in other regions. Soil moisture changed significantly only in the transition zone of arid/semiarid areas. 4) After the barren land turned into grassland in typical transition zone, sensible heat and latent heat increased by 1.11 W m?2 and 0.14 W m?2, respectively. Canopy transpiration and canopy evaporation increased by 0.039 and 0.009 mm d?1, respectively. Meanwhile, soil moisture decreased by 0.01 m3 m?3 on average. Because the root absorbed more deep soil water to meet the significantly increased canopy transpiration, soil moisture decreased more with increased soil depth. The changes in energy fluxes and water cycle are similar to the above process when the grassland turned into shrubland.
Key words:Community Land Model (CLM)/
Land surface process/
Land use/cover change/
MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
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