摘要:利用2007~2010年北半球夏季（6~8月）CloudSat卫星搭载的云廓线雷达（Cloud Profile Radar，CPR）探测结果对0°~60°N区域单层、双层和三层云系的水平分布、垂直结构特征及各云层云类组成、云水路径等物理量分布进行分析。云量的统计结果表明CPR探测的单层、双层和三层云系的云量分别为36.63%、8.26%和1.40%，云量的水平分布表明其高值区主要位于对流旺盛区域，且高值区的云层云顶高、厚度大，而低值区则多位于副热带高压区域。对不同云类的出现频率统计分析结果表明，单层云系中各云类的出现频率相近；多层云系的上层以卷云为主，下层以层积云为主。对比海陆差异发现洋面卷云和层积云的出现频率显著高于陆面，但高层云和高积云的出现频率低于陆面。云水路径分析表明，单层云系的冰水路径和液水路径均最大，而在多层云系中云层越高、厚度越大、冰水路径越大，液水路径则随着云层的降低增大。
关键词:云廓线雷达/
多层云系/
云量/
云类/
云水路径
Abstract:Characteristics of single-layer and multi-layer clouds including cloud amount, vertical structure of cloud, configuration of cloud type, and cloud water path in the Northern Hemisphere (0°-60°N) in boreal summer (June-July-August) are investigated based on measurements of the Cloud Profile Radar(CPR) during 2007-2010. The results indicate that the cloud amounts for single-, double-and triple-layer are 36.63%, 8.26%, and 1.40%, respectively. The high value areas of cloud amounts are consistent with convective regions with higher cloud top and thicker clouds, while the low value areas are mainly located over the subtropical high zone. The occurrence frequencies of cloud types show that the frequencies of cirrus, medium cloud and low cloud in single-layer cloud are similar, and the upper layers of multi-layer clouds mainly consist of cirrus, while the lower layers mainly consist of stratocumulus. Comparing frequencies of cloud types over ocean and land, the authors found that cirrus and stratocumulus occur more frequently over ocean than over land, while altostratus and altocumulus are emerging more frequently over land. The analyses also show that the values of cloud water path (ice water path and liquid water path) of single-layer clouds are the highest. In the multi-layer cloud, higher layers often have higher values of ice water path and lower values of liquid water path.
Key words:Cloud Profile Radar/
Multi-layer cloud/
Cloud amount/
Cloud type/
Cloud water path
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