0 引言
【研究意义】胡萝卜、白萝卜、紫甘蓝、马铃薯、山药、莲藕、芋头、红薯、生姜、甜菜等都是常见食才(甜菜是生产蔗糖原料),作为蔬菜、杂粮或调味品,在人们的日常生活中起着不可或缺的重要作用。从植物学的角度,它们有一个共同特征,都是块根块茎类作物(紫甘蓝为球茎),而且块根块茎正是人们取食的部分。研究块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌对于加强人们对该类作物的了解,获得固氮菌资源,提高栽培技术,生产安全优质产品具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】植物内生菌(endophytic bactcria)指从经过表面消毒的植物组织器官或植物体内分离出来的对植物本身有益无害的细菌[1]。现在这个概念有了一些扩大,认为植物内生菌泛指生活史或某个生命阶段生活在健康植物体内,不引起宿主植物外在病症的细菌、真菌或放线菌[2],但不包括在植物体内定殖,引起寄生植物病害的致病菌,也不包括菌根真菌[3]。植物内生固氮菌(endophytic diazotrophs)是植物内生菌中的一个主要类群,它们不仅具有固氮作用,还有促进植物生长,提高植物抗病、抗逆等多种功能[4]。目前,人们在水稻[5]、玉米[6]、小麦[7]、甘蔗[8]等作物上都发现了内生固氮菌,对于马铃薯内生固氮菌的研究也有报道[9-10],但对于其他块根块茎类作物的内生固氮菌了解尚少。【本研究切入点】通过农田采集和市场采购两种方式收集块根块茎类作物的块根块茎样品,批量分离、鉴定内生固氮菌,研究块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌的系统发育、促生特性,并探讨块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌的种群特点及其随寄主植物的分布特征。【拟解决的关键问题】明确块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌的系统发育、种群特点、分布特征、促生特性。1 材料与方法
试验于2014—2015年在中国农业科学院完成。1.1 样品、试剂、培养基
试验共用到块根块茎类作物样品14份,包括胡萝卜、白萝卜、马铃薯、紫甘蓝、山药、莲藕、芋头、红薯、生姜、甜菜等。其中5份样品采自农田,9份样品购自北京蔬菜市场。样品主要为处于成熟期的作物块根块茎。样品信息详见表1。Table 1
表1
表1新分离内生固氮菌及其促生特性
Table 1Isolated endophytic diazotrophs and their plant growth promoting properties
菌株编号 Strain number | 分离部位 Isolate position | 样品/来源 Sample/Source | 最大相似性模式种 Max ident type strain (accession) | 相似性 Similarity (%) | 产ACC脱氨酶 ACC deaminase a | 产吲哚乙酸 IAAb | 拮抗病原真菌 Antagonismc (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MLS1 | 37402 | 37438 | |||||||
655gz04 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Acinetobacter harbinensis HITLi 7 (KC843488) | 98.38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
660gz02 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Arthrobacter arilaitensis Re117 (FQ311875) | 99.37 | 0 | 3.20±0.44 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
658gz04 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Arthrobacter bergerei CIP 108036 (AJ609630) | 99.35 | 0 | 16.86±1.90 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
657gz01 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Arthrobacter nicotianae DSM 20123 (X80739) | 99.32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
664bzr05 | 球茎 Bulb | 紫色甘蓝/山东日照 Purple cabbage/Shandong field | Arthrobacter nicotinovorans DSM 420 (X80743) | 100.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
664gz05 | 球茎 Bulb | 紫色甘蓝/山东日照 Purple cabbage/Shandong field | Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus G2-1 (AJ512504) | 99.35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
651gz03 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 (CP000560) | 99.93 | 0 | 16.13±1.14 | 63 | 57 | 55 |
663bzr08 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
653bzr03 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Bacillus circulans ATCC 4513 (AY724690) | 100.00 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 0 | 0 |
659bzr01 | 块根 Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Bacillus fengqiuensis NPK15 (KC291653) | 99.85 | 0 | 17.94±1.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
660bzr13 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Bacillus firmus NCIMB 9366 (X60616) | 99.54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
653bzr02 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Bacillus flexus IFO 15715 (AB021185) | 100.00 | 0 | 27.42±0.79 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
659gz02 | 块根 Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33 (HQ433447) | 99.77 | 0.026±0.039 | 9.58±1.10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
655bzr05 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 (AE017333) | 99.93 | 0 | 9.23±0.80 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
660gz09 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Bacillus luciferensis LMG 18422 (AJ419629) | 99.63 | 0 | 0.81±0.53 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
663bzr06 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Bacillus marisflavi TF-11 (AF483624) | 100.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
655gz08 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Bacillus megaterium IAM 13418 (D16273) | 99.85 | 0 | 10.58±1.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
651gz08 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Bacillus methylotrophicus CBMB205 (EU194897) | 100.00 | 0 | 13.20±0.79 | 46 | 53 | 53 |
660bzr03 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Bacillus oceanisediminis H2 (GQ292772) | 99.70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
659bzr06 | 块根 Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Bacillus safensis FO-36b (ASJD01000027) | 99.93 | 0 | 14.55±1.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
655bzr07 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Bacillus simplex NBRC 15720 (AB363738) | 100.00 | 0 | 10.22±1.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
654bzr02 | 块根 Root | 红薯/北京市场 Sweet potato/Beijing market | Bacillus sonorensis NBRC 101234 (AYTN01000016) | 99.70 | 0 | 6.71± 1.07 | 53 | 49 | 53 |
658gz02 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Bacillus stratosphericus 41KF2a 9 (AJ831841) | 100.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
664bzr03 | 球茎 Bulb | 紫色甘蓝/山东日照 Purple cabbage/Shandong field | Bacillus subterraneus DSM 13966 (FR733689) | 99.32 | 0 | 0.46±0.46 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
662bzr12 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Bacillus tequilensis KCTC 13622 (AYTO01000043) | 100.00 | 0 | 6.48±0.71 | 57 | 59 | 49 |
660bzr15 | 块根Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Bacillus thaonhiensis NHI-38 (JQ796719) | 100.00 | 0 | 3.85±0.73 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
菌株编号 Strain number | 分离部位 Isolate position | 样品/来源 Sample/Source | 最大相似性模式种 Max ident type strain (accession) | 相似性 Similarity (%) | 产ACC脱氨酶 ACC deaminase a | 产吲哚乙酸 IAAb | 拮抗病原真菌 Antagonismc (%) | ||
MLS1 | 37402 | 37438 | |||||||
664bzr06 | 球茎 Bulb | 紫色甘蓝/山东日照 Purple cabbage/Shandong field | Bacillus thioparans BMP-1 (DQ371431) | 99.47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
660bzr10 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Brevibacillus brevis NBRC 100599 (AP008955) | 99.69 | 0 | 28.35±1.15 | 58 | 55 | 54 |
662bzr08 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Brevibacillus nitrificans DA2 (AB507254) | 99.85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
655gz07 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | 0 | 18.12±1.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
664gz01 | 球茎 Bulb | 紫色甘蓝/山东日照 Purple cabbage/Shandong field | Chryseobacterium indoltheticum LMG 4025 (AY468448) | 100.00 | 0 | 4.78±0.79 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
660gz07 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Delftia lacustris DSM 21246 (EU888308) | 100.00 | 0 | 17.28±1.95 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
651bzr05 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Domibacillus indicus SD111 (KF732820) | 98.82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
660bzr14 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119 (NR042349) | 99.70 | 0 | 8.12±0.88 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
658gz03 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Enterobacter mori LMG 25706 (GL890774) | 99.76 | 0 | 15.67±1.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
654gz02 | 块根 Root | 红薯/北京市场 Sweet potato/Beijing market | Enterobacter xiangfangensis 10-17 (HF679035) | 99.70 | 13.76±0.99 | 13.31±1.17 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
658bzr06 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2 (AJ422145) | 100.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
657bzr01 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Fictibacillus enclensis NIO-1003 (JF893461) | 99.32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
663bzr05 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Fictibacillus nanhaiensis JSM 082006 (GU477780) | 100.00 | 0 | 3.67±0.71 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
664bzr04 | 球茎 Bulb | 紫色甘蓝/山东日照Purple cabbage/Shandong field | Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (JX258924) | 99.92 | 0 | 2.50±0.88 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
653gz02 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场Potato/Beijing market | Flavimonas oryzihabitans IAM 1568 (D84004) | 99.49 | 0 | 5.21±0.63 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
664gz06 | 球茎 Bulb | 紫色甘蓝/山东日照 Purple cabbage/Shandong field | Flavobacterium oncorhynchi 631-08 (FN669776) | 97.70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
660bzr12 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans DSM16089 (AJ698726) | 99.70 | 0.16±0.06 | 4.55±0.54 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
658gz01 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Microbacterium phyllosphaerae DSM 13468 (AJ277840) | 99.77 | 0 | 1.51±1.10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
653bzr01 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238 (EU005372) | 99.92 | 0 | 0.34±0.27 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
660bzr17 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016 (AY167814) | 98.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
657bzr06 | 块茎Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Paenibacillus cineris LMG 18439 (AJ575658) | 100.00 | 0 | 8.12±1.32 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
663bzr02 | 块根Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1 (AB042938) | 99.92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
655bzr04 | 块茎Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Paenibacillus lautus NRRL NRS-666 (D78473) | 99.70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
659bzr04 | 块根Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Paenibacillus tundrae A10b (EU558284) | 99.85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
653gz03 | 块茎Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Pantoea agglomerans DSM 3493 (AJ233423) | 99.93 | 0 | 22.21±0.88 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
657gz07 | 块茎Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Pantoea anthophila LMG 2558 (EF688010) | 100.00 | 0 | 28.76±0.79 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
菌株编号 Strain number | 分离部位 Isolate position | 样品/来源 Sample/Source | 最大相似性模式种 Max ident type strain (accession) | 相似性 Similarity (%) | 产ACC脱氨酶 ACC deaminase a | 产吲哚乙酸 IAAb | 拮抗病原真菌 Antagonismc (%) | ||
MLS1 | 37402 | 37438 | |||||||
657gz04 | 块茎Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Pantoea dispersa LMG 2603 (DQ504305) | 100.00 | 0 | 3.98±0.88 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
656gz05 | 块茎 Tuber | 莲藕/北京市场 Lotus/Beijing market | Pantoea rodasii LMG 26273 (JF295053) | 98.78 | 0 | 23.61±2.43 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
664gz03 | 球茎 Bulb | 紫色甘蓝/山东日照 Purple cabbage/Shandong field | Pseudomonas azotoformans IAM1603 (D84009) | 99.76 | 0 | 18.35±0.80 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
663gz06 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Pseudomonas beteli ATCC 19861 (AB021406) | 99.62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
653gz06 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Pseudomonas brassicacearum ATCC 49054 (EU391388) | 99.85 | 0.11±0.01 | 9.23±0.98 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
663gz02 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Pseudomonas geniculata ATCC 19374 (AB021404) | 99.92 | 7.93±0.16 | 28.99±1.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
657gz05 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Pseudomonas hunanensis LV (JX545210) | 99.92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
653gz07 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Pseudomonas koreensis Ps 9-14 (AF468452) | 99.85 | 0 | 20.63±0.76 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
660gz01 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Pseudomonas parafulva NBRC 16636 (BBIU01000051) | 100.00 | 0 | 10.22±0.97 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
652gz02 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/北京市场 Carrot/Beijing market | Pseudomonas seleniipraecipitans CA5 (FJ422810) | 99.92 | 0 | 8.53±0.80 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
658gz06 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Pseudomonas simiae OLi (AJ936933) | 100.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
653gz04 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Pseudomonas syringae KCTC 12500 (KI657453) | 100.00 | 4.32±0.07 | 8.76±0.73 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
656gz06 | 块茎 Tuber | 莲藕/北京市场 Lotus/Beijing market | Rahnella aquatilis CIP 78.65 (CP003244) | 98.69 | 0 | 8.47±1.36 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
660gz08 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Rhizobium leguminosarum USDA 2370 (JH719379) | 98.44 | 0 | 8.32±0.80 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
660gz03 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Rhizobium massiliae 90A (AF531767) | 100.00 | 0 | 7.26±0.80 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
651gz02 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Rhizobium radiobacter ATCC 19358 (AJ389904) | 100.00 | 0 | 11.74±1.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
664gz04 | 球茎 Bulb | 紫色甘蓝/山东日照 Purple cabbage/Shandong field | Sphingobacterium faecium DSM 11690 (AJ438176) | 99.31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
657gz10 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Staphylococcus sciuri subsp. sciuri DSM 20345 (AJ421446) | 99.92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
652gz05 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/北京市场 Carrot/Beijing market | Stenotrophomonas rhizophila DSM 14405 (CP007597) | 99.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
658gz05 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Variovorax paradoxus IAM 12373 (D88006) | 99.41 | 8.43± 0.10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
665bzr02 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Bacillus litoralis SW-211 (AY608605) | 99.08 | 0 | 1.27±0.27 | 52 | 0 | 0 |
665bzr05 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Bacillus oceanisediminis H2 (GQ292772) | 100.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 47 | 48 | 0 |
665bzr07 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Bacillus idriensis SMC 4352-2 (AY904033) | 100.00 | 0 | 1.22±0.44 | 45 | 0 | 0 |
665gz03 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Enterobacter asburiae JCM 6051 (AB004744) | 99.48 | 0 | 13.03±1.23 | 43 | 0 | 0 |
665gz04 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Sphingobacterium canadense CR11 (AY787820) | 99.78 | 0 | 2.56±0.18 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
665gz06 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Chryseobacterium lactis NCTC 11390 (JX100821) | 99.07 | 0 | 6.59±0.79 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
665gz09 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Citrobacter youngae CECT5335 (AJ564736) | 98.94 | 0 | 9.52±0.97 | 41 | 0 | 0 |
菌株编号 Strain number | 分离部位 Isolate position | 样品/来源 Sample/Source | 最大相似性模式种 Max ident type strain (accession) | 相似性 Similarity (%) | 产ACC脱氨酶 ACC deaminase a | 产吲哚乙酸 IAAb | 拮抗病原真菌 Antagonismc (%) | ||
MLS1 | 37402 | 37438 | |||||||
651bzr01 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Bacillus tequilensis KCTC13622 (AYTO01000043) | 100.00 | |||||
651bzr02 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100 | |||||
651bzr03 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Bacillus thaonhiensis NHI-38 (JQ796719) | 99.85 | |||||
651bzr04 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2 (AJ422145) | 100.00 | |||||
651bzr06 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Bacillus oceanisediminis H2 (GQ292772) | 99.56 | |||||
651bzr07 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | |||||
651bzr08 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Bacillus fengqiuensis NPK15 (KC291653) | 99.85 | |||||
651bzr09 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Bacillus fengqiuensis NPK15 (KC291653) | 99.85 | |||||
651gz01 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 (CP000560) | 99.93 | |||||
651gz04 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Bacillus methylotrophicus KACC 13105 (JTKJ01000077) | 99.93 | |||||
651gz05 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Rhizobium radiobacter ATCC 19358 (AJ389904) | 100.00 | |||||
651gz06 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 (CP000560) | 99.93 | |||||
651gz07 | 块茎 Tuber | 铁棍山药/河南焦作 Yam Tiegun/Henan field | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 99.93 | |||||
652bzr01 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/北京市场 Carrot/Beijing market | Brevibacillus formosus DSM 9885 (LDCNN0100015) | 99.77 | |||||
652bzr02 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/北京市场 Carrot/Beijing market | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | |||||
652bzr03 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/北京市场 Carrot/Beijing market | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | |||||
652bzr04 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/北京市场 Carrot/Beijing market | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
652gz01 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/北京市场 Carrot/Beijing market | Pseudomonas koreensis Ps 9-14 (AF468452) | 99.78 | |||||
652gz03 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/北京市场 Carrot/Beijing market | Chryseobacterium indoltheticum LMG 4025 (AY468448) | 100.00 | |||||
652gz04 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/北京市场 Carrot/Beijing market | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | |||||
653bzr04 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | |||||
653bzr05 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Bacillus circulans ATCC 4513 (AY724690) | 100.00 | |||||
653bzr06 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Bacillus flexus IFO 15715 (AB021185) | 100.00 | |||||
653gz05 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Pseudomonas koreensis Ps 9-14 (AF468452) | 99.70 | |||||
653gz08 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Arthrobacter nicotianae DSM 20123 (X80739) | 99.18 | |||||
653gz09 | 块茎 Tuber | 马铃薯/北京市场 Potato/Beijing market | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | |||||
654bzr01 | 块根 Root | 红薯/北京市场 Sweet potato/Beijing market | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 99.93 | |||||
菌株编号 Strain number | 分离部位 Isolate position | 样品/来源 Sample/Source | 最大相似性模式种 Max ident type strain (accession) | 相似性 Similarity (%) | 产ACC脱氨酶 ACC deaminase a | 产吲哚乙酸 IAAb | 拮抗病原真菌 Antagonismc (%) | ||
MLS1 | 37402 | 37438 | |||||||
654gz01 | 块根 Root | 红薯/北京市场 Sweet potato/Beijing market | Pantoea dispersa LMG 2603 (DQ504305) | 100.00 | |||||
655bzr01 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
655bzr02 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 99.85 | |||||
655bzr03 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | |||||
655bzr06 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | |||||
655bzr08 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
655bzr09 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | |||||
655bzr10 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
655gz01 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Pseudomonas brassicacearum ATCC 49054 (EU391388) | 99.78 | |||||
655gz02 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Acinetobacter harbinensis HITLI 7 (JXBK01000001) | 98.22 | |||||
655gz03 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Pseudomonas brassicacearum ATCC 49054 (EU391388) | 99.66 | |||||
655gz05 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
655gz06 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
655gz09 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Pseudomonas brassicacearum ATCC 49054 (EU391388) | 99.77 | |||||
655gz10 | 块茎 Tuber | 白皮山药/北京市场 White yam/Beijing market | Pseudomonas brassicacearum ATCC 49054 (EU391388) | 99.78 | |||||
656gz02 | 块茎 Tuber | 莲藕/北京市场 Lotus/Beijing market | Pantoea rodasii LMG 26273 (JF295053) | 98.73 | |||||
656gz03 | 块茎 Tuber | 莲藕/北京市场 Lotus/Beijing market | Rahnella aquatilis CIP 78.65 (Cp003244) | 98.68 | |||||
656gz04 | 块茎 Tuber | 莲藕/北京市场 Lotus/Beijing market | Acinetobacter harbinensis HITLi 7 (JXBK01000001) | 98.21 | |||||
656gz07 | 块茎 Tuber | 莲藕/北京市场 Lotus/Beijing market | Pseudomonas simiae OLi (AJ936933) | 100.00 | |||||
656gz09 | 块茎 Tuber | 莲藕/北京市场 Lotus/Beijing market | Pseudomonas simiae OLi (AJ936933) | 99.70 | |||||
656gz10 | 块茎 Tuber | 莲藕/北京市场 Lotus/Beijing market | Pantoea rodasii LMG 26273 (JF295053) | 98.77 | |||||
657bzr02 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Bacillus thaonhiensis NHI-38 (JQ796719) | 99.85 | |||||
657bzr03 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 (AE017333) | 99.92 | |||||
657bzr04 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Fictibacillus enclensis NIO-1003 (JF893461) | 99.32 | |||||
657bzr05 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Fictibacillus enclensis NIO-1003 (JF893461) | 99.27 | |||||
657bzr07 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Fictibacillus enclensis NIO-1003 (JF893461) | 99.27 | |||||
657bzr08 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Bacillus thaonhiensis NHI-38 (JQ796719) | 99.85 | |||||
657bzr09 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 (AE017333) | 99.70 | |||||
菌株编号 Strain number | 分离部位 Isolate position | 样品/来源 Sample/Source | 最大相似性模式种 Max ident type strain (accession) | 相似性 Similarity (%) | 产ACC脱氨酶 ACC deaminase a | 产吲哚乙酸 IAAb | 拮抗病原真菌 Antagonismc (%) | ||
MLS1 | 37402 | 37438 | |||||||
657bzr10 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Bacillus thaonhiensis NHI-38 (JQ796719) | 99.58 | |||||
657gz02 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Acinetobacter harbinensis HITLi 7 (JXBK01000001) | 98.36 | |||||
657gz03 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Pseudomonas hunanensis LV (JX545210) | 99.85 | |||||
657gz06 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
657gz08 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Pantoea dispersa LMG 2603 (DQ504305) | 100.00 | |||||
657gz09 | 块茎 Tuber | 芋头/北京市场 Taro/Beijing market | Pantoea dispersa LMG 2603 (DQ504305) | 99.93 | |||||
658bzr01 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Bacillus fengqiuensis NPK15 (KC291653) | 99.85 | |||||
658bzr02 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Bacillus oceanisediminis H2 (GQ292772) | 99.56 | |||||
658bzr03 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | |||||
658bzr04 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Bacillus tequilensis KCTC 13622 (AYTO01000043) | 100.00 | |||||
658bzr05 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2 (AJ422145) | 99.92 | |||||
658bzr07 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Bacillus fengqiuensis NPK15 (KC291653) | 99.85 | |||||
658gz07 | 块茎 Tuber | 生姜/北京市场 Ginger/Beijing market | Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119 (NR042349) | 99.70 | |||||
659bzr03 | 块根 Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Bacillus tequilensis KCTC 13622 (AYTO01000043) | 99.92 | |||||
659bzr05 | 块根 Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 (AE017333) | 99.85 | |||||
659bzr07 | 块根 Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Bacillus thaonhiensis NHI-38 (JQ796719) | 99.85 | |||||
659bzr08 | 块根 Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
659bzr10 | 块根 Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 99.62 | |||||
659gz01 | 块根 Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Bacillus thaonhiensis NHI-38 (JQ796719) | 99.85 | |||||
659gz03 | 块根 Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Bacillus thaonhiensis NHI-38 (JQ796719) | 99.85 | |||||
659gz04 | 块根 Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
659gz05 | 块根 Root | 红皮圆萝卜/北京市场 Red radish/Beijing market | Bacillus thaonhiensis NHI-38 (JQ796719) | 99.54 | |||||
660bzr01 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Bacillus tequilensis KCTC 13622 (AYTO01000043) | 99.92 | |||||
660bzr02 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Bacillus thaonhiensis NHI-38 (JQ796719) | 99.85 | |||||
660bzr05 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Bacillus tequilensis KCTC 13622 (AYTO01000043) | 99.93 | |||||
660bzr07 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119 (NR042349) | 99.69 | |||||
660bzr08 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Arthrobacter bergerei CIP 108036 (AJ609630) | 99.30 | |||||
660bzr11 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Pseudomonas koreensis Ps 9-14 (AF468452) | 99.77 | |||||
660bzr16 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 (AE017333) | 99.85 | |||||
菌株编号 Strain number | 分离部位 Isolate position | 样品/来源 Sample/Source | 最大相似性模式种 Max ident type strain (accession) | 相似性 Similarity (%) | 产ACC脱氨酶 ACC deaminase a | 产吲哚乙酸 IAAb | 拮抗病原真菌 Antagonismc (%) | ||
MLS1 | 37402 | 37438 | |||||||
660gz04 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Pseudomonas azotoformans IAM1603 (D84009) | 99.70 | |||||
660gz05 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Pseudomonas parafulva NBRC 16636 (BBIU01000051) | 100.00 | |||||
660gz06 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Arthrobacter bergerei CIP 108036 (AJ609630) | 99.31 | |||||
660gz10 | 块根 Root | 绿皮长萝卜/北京市场 Green radish/Beijing market | Chryseobacterium indoltheticum LMG 4025 (AY468448) | 100.00 | |||||
662bzr02 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Bacillus tequilensis KCTC 13622 (AYTO01000043) | 100.00 | |||||
662bzr03 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Fictibacillus enclensis NIO-1003 (JF893461) | 99.31 | |||||
662bzr04 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Bacillus methylotrophicus KACC 13105 (JTKJ01000077) | 99.51 | |||||
662bzr05 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Bacillus thioparans BMP-1 (DQ371431) | 99.47 | |||||
662bzr06 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Paenibacillus cineris LMG 18439 (AJ575658) | 99.92 | |||||
662bzr07 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Fictibacillus enclensis NIO-1003 (JF893461) | 99.16 | |||||
662bzr09 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Bacillus tequilensis KCTC 13622 (AYTO01000043) | 100.00 | |||||
662bzr10 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Brevibacillus nitrificans DA2 (AB507254) | 99.85 | |||||
662bzr11 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Bacillus tequilensis KCTC 13622 (AYTO01000043) | 99.92 | |||||
662gz01 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Pseudomonas geniculata ATCC 19374 (AB021404) | 99.85 | |||||
662gz02 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Rhizobium radiobacter ATCC 19358 (AJ389904) | 99.61 | |||||
662gz03 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Pseudomonas geniculata ATCC 19374 (AB021404) | 99.25 | |||||
662gz04 | 块根 Root | 白萝卜/山东日照 Radish/Shandong field | Stenotrophomonas rhizophila DSM 14405 (CP007597) | 99.62 | |||||
663bzr01 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
663bzr03 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Bacillus thioparans BMP-1 (DQ371431) | 99.30 | |||||
663bzr04 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
663bzr07 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Bacillus marisflavi TF-11 (AF483624) | 100.00 | |||||
663gz01 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Pseudomonas beteli ATCC 19861 (AB021406) | 99.54 | |||||
663gz04 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Pseudomonas azotoformans IAM1603 (D84009) | 99.62 | |||||
663gz05 | 块根 Root | 胡萝卜/山东日照 Carrot/Shandong field | Pseudomonas azotoformans IAM1603 (D84009) | 99.54 | |||||
664bzr01 | 球茎 Bulb | 紫色甘蓝/山东日照 Purple cabbage/Shandong field | Brevibacillus brevis NBRC 100599 (AP008955) | 99.22 | |||||
664bzr02 | 球茎 Bulb | 紫色甘蓝/山东日照 Purple cabbage/Shandong field | Fictibacillus enclensis NIO-1003 (JF893461) | 99.16 | |||||
664gz02 | 球茎 Bulb | 紫色甘蓝/山东日照 Purple cabbage/Shandong field | Arthrobacter bergerei CIP 108036 (AJ609630) | 99.16 | |||||
665bzr01 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
665bzr03 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2 (AJ422145) | 99.71 | |||||
菌株编号 Strain number | 分离部位 Isolate position | 样品/来源 Sample/Source | 最大相似性模式种 Max ident type strain (accession) | 相似性 Similarity (%) | 产ACC脱氨酶 ACC deaminase a | 产吲哚乙酸 IAAb | 拮抗病原真菌 Antagonismc (%) | ||
MLS1 | 37402 | 37438 | |||||||
665bzr04 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | |||||
665bzr06 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (JX258924) | 99.40 | |||||
665bzr08 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
665bzr09 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2 (AJ422145) | 99.70 | |||||
665bzr10 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (JX258924) | 99.22 | |||||
665bzr11 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 | |||||
665bzr12 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2 (AJ422145) | 99.78 | |||||
665bzr13 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Bacillus oceanisediminis H2 (GQ292772) | 99.70 | |||||
665gz01 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Chryseobacterium indoltheticum LMG 4025 (AY468448) | 100.00 | |||||
665gz02 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Stenotrophomonas rhizophila DSM 14405 (CP007597) | 99.64 | |||||
665gz05 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119 (NR042349) | 99.34 | |||||
665gz07 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Pseudomonas hunanensis LV (JX545210) | 99.71 | |||||
665gz08 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Sphingobacterium canadense CR11 (AY787820) | 99.78 | |||||
665gz10 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Pantoea rodasii LMG 26273 (JF295053) | 98.80 | |||||
665gz11 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Stenotrophomonas rhizophila DSM 14405 (CP007597) | 99.71 | |||||
665gz12 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (EF114313) | 100.00 | |||||
665gz13 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Flavimonas oryzihabitans IAM 1568 (D84004) | 99.49 | |||||
665gz14 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Enterobacter mori LMG 25706 (GL890774) | 99.71 | |||||
665gz15 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Enterobacter asburiae JCM 6051 (AB004744) | 99.47 | |||||
665gz16 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Chryseobacterium indoltheticum LMG 4025 (AY468448) | 100.00 | |||||
665gz17 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus G2-1 (AJ512504) | 99.61 | |||||
665gz18 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Arthrobacter nicotianae DSM 20123 (X80739) | 99.31 | |||||
665gz19 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Enterobacter mori LMG 25706 (GL890774) | 99.21 | |||||
665gz20 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Flavimonas oryzihabitans IAM 1568 (D84004) | 99.49 | |||||
665gz21 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Pseudomonas brassicacearum ATCC 49054 (EU391388) | 99.77 | |||||
665gz22 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119 (NR042349) | 99.77 | |||||
665gz23 | 块根 Root | 甜菜/内蒙古集宁 Beet/Inner Mongolia field | Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DSM 8801 (AM747813) | 100.00 |
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病原真菌靶标菌株拟枝镰孢(Fusarium sporotrichioides)ACCC37402和尖镰孢(Fusarium xysporum)ACCC37438由中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所邓晖提供,尖镰孢MLS1由笔者实验室提供。试剂主要购自北京化学试剂公司和Sigma公司。
多碳源低氮培养基(CCM)[11] :溶液Ⅰ:KH2PO4 0.2 g,NaCl 0.1 g,K2HPO4 0.8 g,Na2Fe EDTA 28 mg,钼酸钠25 mg,酵母浸膏100 mg,甘露醇5 g,蔗糖5 g,乳酸钠0.5 mL,蒸馏水900 mL。溶液Ⅱ:MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g,CaCl2·2H2O 0.06 g,蒸馏水100 mL。将溶液Ⅰ、Ⅱ分别灭菌,冷却至50℃左右混合,加入生物素(5 µg·L-1)和维生素(10 µg·L-1)各0.5 mL。无氮培养基[12]:蔗糖10 g,NaCl 0.12 g,K2HPO4·3H2O 0.5 g,CaCO3 1 g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g,蒸馏水1 L,pH 7.2。LB培养基:酵母膏 5 g,蛋白胨10.0 g,NaCl 10.0 g,蒸馏水1 L,pH 7.0。
1.2 内生固氮菌分离
采用上述多碳源低氮培养基和无氮培养基,将植物块根块茎样品表面消毒后,切取内部组织块进行分离培养内生细菌,方法参考文献[13]。1.3 菌株16S rRNA序列测定与初步鉴定
细菌分离物16S rRNA基因扩增方法同文献[14],序列测定委托北京博迈德生物技术公司完成,基于16S rRNA基因序列的初步鉴定采用EzTaxon和NCBI数据库在线比对完成。1.4 菌株nifH基因检测与序列测定
菌株固氮酶nifH基因扩增方法同文献[15],序列测定委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司完成。1.5 内生固氮菌系统发育分析
在上述16S rRNA基因序列测定和nifH基因检测的基础上,采用Mega软件分析块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌的系统发育[16]。1.6 菌株促生特性
测定菌株产生ACC脱氨酶(1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase)、产生植物激素IAA(indole acetic acid)以及拮抗病原真菌的能力。ACC脱氨酶、IAA以及拮抗病原真菌测定方法同前述[7,15,17]。拮抗病原真菌定义抑制率(%)=(对照半径r0-对峙培养病原真菌菌落半径r1)/对照半径r0×100。
2 结果
2.1 块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌分离、nifH基因检测及基于16S rRNA基因序列鉴定
从14个块根块茎类作物样品的块根、块茎中共分离到内生细菌219株,全部菌株检测到了固氮酶基因nifH,从而确认这些细菌是固氮菌。经过16S rRNA基因序列分析比对初步确定了菌株的分类地位。新分离菌株的编号、来源及其最大相似性模式种如表1所示。2.2 块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌的系统发育分析
16S rRNA基因序列比对结果显示,分离到的219株块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌与已知模式种的最大相似性均在98%以上(42号菌株为97.70%),说明新分离内生固氮菌的科学分类地位比较明确。按照16S rRNA基因序列相似性,219株块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌在系统发育地位上属于24属79种。这24属分别为Acinetobacter、Arthrobacter、Bacillus、Brevibacillus、Brevibacterium、Chryseobacterium、Citrobacter、Delftia、Domibacillus、Enterobacter、Fictibacillus、Flavimonas、Flavobacterium、Microbacterium、Micrococcus、 Paenibacillus、Pantoea、Pseudomonas、Rahnella、Rhizobium、Sphingobacterium、Staphylococcus、Stenotrophomonas、Variovorax。以79株最大相似性模式种作为代表菌株进行的系统发育分析结果如图1所示。总的来看,新分离的219株块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌在系统发育关系上可以分为5群:第1群包括7个属,分别是Bacillus(其中包含23个种代表77菌株)、Brevibacterium(其中包含1个种代
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图1新分离219株块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌系统发育树图中种名后括号中的数字表示新分离菌株在分类地位上属于该种的菌株数
-->Fig. 1Phylogenetic tree of 219 endophytic diazotrophs from tuber and root cropsThe number in the parentheses behind the species name meant the number of newly isolated strains which belonged to this species
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2.3 块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌的分类地位及其随寄主植物分布特点
列表分析了新分离的219株块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌的分类地位及其随寄主植物的分布(表2),发现如下特点:(1)从菌株分类地位来看,Bacillus属菌株最多,有77株,占分离菌株总数的35.16%;Pseudomonas属居第2位,有29株,占分离菌株总数的13.24%;二者合计有106株,占新分离菌株总数的48.40%;(2)包含新分离菌株较多的属Bacillus和Pseudomonas,也是包含细菌种数较多的属,如芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)包括23个种,分别是Ba. amyloliquefaciens、Ba. aryabhattai、Ba. circulans、Ba. fengqiuensis、Ba. firmus、Ba. flexus、Ba. halosaccharovorans、Ba. idriensis、Ba. licheniformis、Ba. litoralis、Ba. luciferensis、Ba. marisflavi、Ba. megaterium、Ba. methylotrophicus、Ba. oceanisediminis、Ba. safensis、Ba. simplex、Ba. sonorensis、Ba. stratosphericus、Ba. subterraneus、Ba. tequilensis、Ba. thaonhiensis、Ba. thioparans;假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)包括10个种,分别是Ps. azotoformans、Ps. beteli、Ps. brassicacearum、Ps. geniculata、Ps. hunanensis、Ps. koreensis、Ps. parafulva、Ps. seleniipraecipitans、Ps. simiae、Ps. syringae;这在一定程度上证明了新分离菌株在分类地位上的广泛性和对寄主植物的代表性;(3)新分离块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌在寄主植物的分布上具有广泛性,如分类地位属于Bacillus的77菌株分布在除莲藕之外的其他13个样品中,分类地位属于Pseudomonas的29菌株分布在除铁棍山药、红薯、红皮圆萝卜之外的其他11个样品中,分布相对均匀;(4)从寄主植物来看,分离到菌株最多的是665号样品甜菜,分离到37菌株,占新分离菌株总数的16.89%,在分类地位是分属于12属21种,分布广泛;分离到菌株最少的样品是红薯,只有4株菌。Table 2
表2
表2新分离内生固氮菌随寄主植物分布特点
Table 2Relationships between taxonomic position of isolated strains and their host plants
分类地位(属) Taxonomic position (Genus) | 651 铁棍山药 Yam Tiegun | 652 胡萝卜 Carrot | 653 马铃薯 Potato | 654 红薯 Sweet potato | 655白皮 山药 White yam | 656 莲藕 Lotus | 657 芋头 Taro | 658 生姜 Ginger | 659红皮圆 萝卜 Red radish | 660绿皮长 萝卜 Green radish | 662 白萝卜 Radish | 663 胡萝卜 Carrot | 664 紫色甘蓝 Purple cabbage | 665 甜菜 Beet | 合计 Total | 百分比Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acinetobacter (1) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1.83 | |||||||||||
Arthrobacter (5) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 5.02 | ||||||||
Bacillus (23) | 10 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 9 | 77 | 35.16 | |
Brevibacillus (3) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2.28 | ||||||||||
Brevibacterium (1) | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 17 | 7.76 | |||||||
Chryseobacterium (2) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2.74 | ||||||||||
Citrobacter (1) | 1 | 1 | 0.46 | |||||||||||||
Delftia (1) | 1 | 1 | 0.46 | |||||||||||||
Domibacillus (1) | 1 | 1 | 0.46 | |||||||||||||
Enterobacter (4) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 11 | 5.02 | ||||||||||
Fictibacillus (4) | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 17 | 7.76 | |||||||
Flavimonas (1) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1.37 | ||||||||||||
Flavobacterium (1) | 1 | 1 | 0.46 | |||||||||||||
Microbacterium (2) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.91 | ||||||||||||
Micrococcus (1) | 1 | 1 | 0.46 | |||||||||||||
Paenibacillus (5) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2.74 | ||||||||
Pantoea (4) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 4.57 | |||||||||
Pseudomonas (10) | 2 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 29 | 13.24 | |||
Rahnella (1) | 2 | 2 | 0.91 | |||||||||||||
Rhizobium (3) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2.28 | |||||||||||
Sphingobacterium (2) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1.37 | ||||||||||||
Staphylococcus (1) | 1 | 1 | 0.46 | |||||||||||||
Stenotrophomonas (1) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1.83 | |||||||||||
Variovorax (1) | 1 | 1 | 0.46 | |||||||||||||
合计 Total | 17 | 9 | 14 | 4 | 19 | 8 | 20 | 14 | 13 | 24 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 37 | 219 | 100.00 |
百分比Percentage (%) | 7.76 | 4.11 | 6.39 | 1.83 | 8.68 | 3.65 | 9.13 | 6.39 | 5.94 | 10.96 | 6.85 | 5.94 | 5.48 | 16.89 | 100.00 |
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2.4 菌株的促生特性
由于分离到的块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌共计219株,全部测定工作量较大,因此选取了79株代表菌株进行了促生特性研究(表1)。结果显示,其中有7株菌检测到了ACC脱氨酶活性,占被测菌株的8.86%,ACC脱氨酶活性为0.026—13.76 µmol α-丁酮酸·mg-1蛋白·h-1。51株菌检测到了产IAA,占被测菌株的64.56%,检测到的IAA浓度为0.34—28.99 µg·mL-1。拮抗试验显示有11株菌拮抗病原真菌Fusarium xysporum MLS1,抑菌率为41%—63%;6株菌拮抗病原真菌Fusarium sporotrichioides ACCC37402,抑菌率为48%—59%;5株菌拮抗病原真菌Fusarium xysporum ACCC37438,抑菌率为49%—55%。合计有5—11株菌对靶标真菌具有抑制作用,占被测菌株的6.33%—13.92%。菌株651gz03、651gz08、654bzr02、662bzr12和660bzr10 同时对3株靶标真菌具有抑制作用,有较好的应用前景。
2.5 新分离块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌与文献报道其他植物内生固氮菌的比较
笔者尝试对照前人的工作,在种水平上分析菌株的系统发育地位与寄主植物的关系。将219株新分离块根块茎内生固氮菌所属的79种列表,统计每种所含菌株数,就会发现除了Bacillus aryabhattai、Bacillus tequilensis、Bacillus thaonhiensis、Brevibacterium frigoritolerans 4个种所含菌株数相对较多,合计53株,占新分离菌株总数24.20%之外,其他75种代表了166株新分离菌株,平均每种代表2.2株。这些结果显示了块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌极其丰富的种群多样性(表3)[18-20]。Table 3
表3
表3新分离块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌与文献报道其他植物内生固氮菌的比较
Table 3Comparison of isolated strains with reported endophytic diazotrophs
菌株分类地位(种) Taxonomic position (species) | 块根块茎作物a Tuber and root crops | 其他植物b Other plants |
---|---|---|
1.1 Acinetobacter harbinensis | 4 | |
2.1 Arthrobacter arilaitensis | 1 | |
2.2 Arthrobacter bergerei | 4 | |
2.3 Arthrobacter nicotianae | 3 | |
2.4 Arthrobacter nicotinovorans | 1 | |
2.5 Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus | 2 | + (13) |
3.1 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens | 1 | + (13,18) |
3.2 Bacillus aryabhattai | 17 | + (13,19) |
3.3 Bacillus circulans | 2 | |
3.4 Bacillus fengqiuensis | 5 | |
3.5 Bacillus firmus | 1 | |
3.6 Bacillus flexus | 2 | |
3.7 Bacillus halosaccharovorans | 1 | |
3.8 Bacillus idriensis | 1 | |
3.9 Bacillus licheniformis | 5 | |
3.10 Bacillus litoralis | 1 | |
3.11 Bacillus luciferensis | 1 | |
3.12 Bacillus marisflavi | 2 | + (13) |
3.13 Bacillus megaterium | 1 | + (19) |
3.14 Bacillus methylotrophicus | 5 | |
3.15 Bacillus oceanisediminis | 5 | |
3.16 Bacillus safensis | 1 | + (13) |
3.17 Bacillus simplex | 1 | + (18) |
3.18 Bacillus sonorensis | 1 | |
3.19 Bacillus stratosphericus | 1 | |
3.20 Bacillus subterraneus | 1 | |
3.21 Bacillus tequilensis | 9 | + (13) |
3.22 Bacillus thaonhiensis | 10 | |
3.23 Bacillus thioparans | 3 | |
4.1 Brevibacillus brevis | 2 | |
4.2 Brevibacillus formosus | 1 | |
4.3 Brevibacillus nitrificans | 2 | |
5.1 Brevibacterium frigoritolerans | 17 | + (13) |
6.1 Chryseobacterium indoltheticum | 5 | |
6.2 Chryseobacterium lactis | 1 | |
7.1 Citrobacter youngae | 1 | |
8.1 Delftia lacustris | 1 | |
9.1 Domibacillus indicus | 1 | |
菌株分类地位(种) Taxonomic position (species) | 块根块茎作物a Tuber and root crops | 其他植物b Other plants |
10.1 Enterobacter asburiae | 2 | |
10.2 Enterobacter ludwigii | 5 | + (13) |
10.3 Enterobacter mori | 3 | |
10.4 Enterobacter xiangfangensis | 1 | |
11.1 Fictibacillus barbaricus | 6 | |
11.2 Fictibacillus enclensis | 7 | |
11.3 Fictibacillus nanhaiensis | 1 | |
11.4 Fictibacillus phosphorivorans | 3 | |
12.1 Flavimonas oryzihabitans | 3 | |
13.1 Flavobacterium oncorhynchi | 1 | |
14.1 Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans | 1 | |
14.2 Microbacterium phyllosphaerae | 1 | + (13) |
15.1 Micrococcus endophyticus | 1 | |
16.1 Paenibacillus barengoltzii | 1 | |
16.2 Paenibacillus cineris | 2 | |
16.3 Paenibacillus glycanilyticus | 1 | |
16.4 Paenibacillus lautus | 1 | |
16.5 Paenibacillus tundrae | 1 | |
17.1 Pantoea agglomerans | 1 | + (20) |
17.2 Pantoea anthophila | 1 | |
17.3 Pantoea dispersa | 4 | + (18) |
17.4 Pantoea rodasii | 4 | |
18.1 Pseudomonas azotoformans | 4 | + (18) |
18.2 Pseudomonas beteli | 2 | |
18.3 Pseudomonas brassicacearum | 6 | |
18.4 Pseudomonas geniculata | 3 | |
18.5 Pseudomonas hunanensis | 3 | |
18.6 Pseudomonas koreensis | 4 | |
18.7 Pseudomonas parafulva | 2 | |
18.8 Pseudomonas seleniipraecipitans | 1 | |
18.9 Pseudomonas simiae | 3 | |
18.10 Pseudomonas syringae | 1 | |
19.1 Rahnella aquatilis | 2 | |
20.1 Rhizobium leguminosarum | 1 | |
20.2 Rhizobium massiliae | 1 | + (13) |
20.3 Rhizobium radiobacter | 3 | + (13) |
21.1 Sphingobacterium canadense | 2 | |
21.2 Sphingobacterium faecium | 1 | |
22.1 Staphylococcus sciuri | 1 | |
23.1 Stenotrophomonas rhizophila | 4 | + (18) |
24.1 Variovorax paradoxus | 1 | + (13) |
合计(株)Total | 219 |
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3 讨论
尽管地球上几乎所有的植物都有内生细菌栖息其中[21],但当试验结果展示出丰富多样的微生物种群时,我们仍然为块根块茎类作物具有的内生固氮菌多样性感到惊奇。本研究从14个块根块茎样品分离到的219株内生固氮菌在系统发育地位上属于24个属79个种,从目前检索到的文献资料来看,如此丰富的种群多样性在以往报道过的植物内生固氮菌中未曾有过。以上述79种为参照菌群,查阅文献结果显示,虽然关于植物内生固氮菌的研究报道很多,但只有很少文献能够与此对应,只找到18种与之相同的种群有过作为植物内生固氮菌的记载。此外,一些研究较多的植物内生固氮菌,如Azospirillum[22]、Herbaspirillum[23]、Burkholderia[24-25]、Klebsiella[26]、Acetobacter[27]、Gluconacetobacter[28]、Serratia[29]、Azoarcus [30]都没有出现在表3中。原因可能有下列几个方面:一是作为作物内生固氮菌资源研究,这些工作已经处于研究领域的前沿,研究报道相对较少;二是块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌存在自身的种群特异性,在其他植物内生固氮菌中没有出现;三是研究方法的差异导致结果不同,如基于微生物培养技术的研究方法得到的信息只能是样品中真实微生物组成的一小部分。但是,即使考虑到所有这些因素,试验结果仍然显示了块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌具有独有的种群特异性。
本文共用到块根块茎样品14个,涉及胡萝卜、白萝卜、马铃薯、紫甘蓝、山药、莲藕、芋头、红薯、生姜、甜菜10种作物。其中5份样品采自农田,9份样品采自蔬菜市场。但无论来自农田的新鲜样品,还是来自蔬菜市场的贮存样品,每个样品都分离到了内生固氮菌,从4株到37株不等(表2)。分离菌株最少的是红薯,得到4株菌,分类地位分别为Bacillus aryabhattai、Bacillus sonorensis、Enterobacter xiangfangensis、Pantoea dispersa。这些结果说明,正常生长的作物块根块茎中普遍存在大量固氮细菌。另一方面,由于上述作物块根块茎是人们食用多年的常见食材,这从侧面印证了内生固氮菌对于人畜的安全性。
另一个值得讨论的结果是内生固氮菌的促生特性。广义的微生物对植物的促生特性定义不严格,包含内容较多,比如提供营养(固氮、溶磷、解钾、矿化有机质等),促进生长(分泌植物激素IAA[31]等),抑制病害(拮抗病原真菌,营造微生态环境等),提高抗逆(产生ACC脱氨酶[32],缓解胁迫[33],抗寒抗旱抗涝等)等。本研究新分离菌株中8.86%菌株检测到了ACC脱氨酶活性,64.56%菌株检测到产植物激素IAA,6.33%—13.92%菌株拮抗病原真菌,这些结果表明作物内生固氮菌中具有促生特性的菌株比例远高于其他环境。特别是菌株651gz03、651gz08、654bzr02、662bzr12和660bzr10同时抑制3株靶标真菌,值得进一步开发研究。
4 结论
在正常生长的块根块茎类作物的块根块茎内栖息着大量内生固氮菌;块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌在科学分类地位上分布广泛,达到24属79种,显示出巨大的生物多样性;Bacillus和Pseudomonas是块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌优势种群;大约10%—60%的块根块茎类作物内生固氮菌显示出产生ACC脱氨酶、产生植物激素IAA、拮抗病原真菌等促进植物生长特性,这可能是内生固氮菌有益于植物生长的内在原因。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.