doi:10.12202/j.0476-0301.2020403甄志平^1,,,
李晗冉^{1, 2},
陈麒先³,
王荣辉⁴,
张一民⁴,
万霞⁵
1.北京师范大学体育与运动学院，100875，北京
2.澳门大学健康科学学院，999078，澳门
3.北京市正泽学校，100032，北京
4.北京体育大学运动与体质健康教育部重点实验室，100084，北京
5.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院基础医学部，100730，北京
基金项目:2019年北京市社会科学基金重点资助项目(19YTA007)；2020年国家体育总局决策咨询研究资助项目(2020-C-17)；2020年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金资助项目(20YJA890036)；2020年中国教育与社会发展研究院(智库)专项课题资助项目(Wa2020013)；2020年度北京市教育科学“十三五”规划优先关注课题资助项目(AEEA2020017)；全国教育科学“十三五”规划重点课题资助项目(DHA190374)；中国教育学会第四批教育科研“体育与卫生”专项重点课题资助项目（2020TY013104ZA）.

详细信息

通讯作者:甄志平（1975—）女，博士，教授，博士生导师. 研究方向：体质大数据与体脑发育促进. E-mail: zzpxt@bnu.edu.cn

中图分类号:TN99

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-11-03
网络出版日期:2021-01-21
刊出日期:2021-05-08

Changing sensitive period in the development of Chinese students' physical fitness from the start of the Reform-and-Opening-Up policy

Zhiping ZHEN^1,,,
Hanran LI^{1, 2},
Qixian CHEN³,
Ronghui WANG⁴,
Yimin ZHANG⁴,
Xia WAN⁵
1. PE and Sports College, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
2. Health Science College, Macao University, 999078, Macao, China
3. Beijing Zhengze School, 100032, Beijing, China
4. Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education,Beijing Sport University, 100084, Beijing, China
5. Department of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, China



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摘要
摘要:采用环比类推法与GIS空间可视化法，分析中国学生身体素质发育敏感期变迁的时空特征．结果表明：1) 中国学生身体素质敏感期变迁总体呈现出敏感期年龄跨度增大，时间延长的特点．2) 中国学生身体素质敏感期变迁具有显著的性别差异．男生力量、速度素质敏感期较女生晚3 a，女生的柔韧素质敏感期长于男生2 a．耐力素质敏感期贯穿于发育全周期，提示该素质具有更大的可塑性．3) 中国学生身体素质变迁具有显著的地域差异．不同地域学生体育课程与运动干预的侧重点应根据儿童青少年身体素质敏感期的发育特征进行调整和建构．
关键词:学生体质/
身体素质/
敏感期/
变迁趋势
Abstract:Sensitive period of physical-fitness development in school students in China from the start of the Reform-and-Opening-Up period was examined, to provide big data support for further improvements in student physical quality．Temporal and spatial characteristics of the changes in sensitive period of physical fitness development were subject to link comparison analogy and GIS spatial visualization．The beginning of sensitive period was found to have started earlier by 1-2 years, but ended later by 1-2 years．The sensitive period of strength quality in male students peaked at ages of 7-8 and 10-15 years but in female-students peaked at age 7-11 years．The sensitive period of endurance quality was found to peak at multiple discontinuous ages, with constant total time and alternating cycles．The sensitive period of speed quality was found to be at ages of 7-9 years and of 11-15 years in boys, but 7-11 years in girls．Sensitive period of flexibility quality showed gender and regional (urban versus rural) variations, with continuous negative growth in early school age (7-12 years)．Boys showed a single peak at 12-16 years, urban girls showed double peaks at 12-16 and 18-19 years but rural girls showed a single peak at 11-16 years．Decrease in strength, endurance and speed quality in Chinese students was noted, the magnitude was larger in girls than in boys for strength and speed, but markedly larger in boys than girls for endurance．Flexibility decreased in boys but increased in girls．Physical quality showed significant regional variations．It is concluded that the physical fitness sensitive period in Chinese students has expanded and has been prolonged．Significant gender differences were found in changes in physical fitness sensitivity period．The sensitive period for strength and speed in boys is 3 years longer than in girls, and the sensitive period of flexibility in girls is 2 years longer than in boys．The sensitive period of endurance covers the complete development period, suggesting that this quality has greater plasticity．Significant regional differences are present in changes in physical quality in Chinese students．Therefore emphasis of physical education curriculum and sports intervention in different regions should be adjusted and constructed accordingly．
Key words:students physical fitness/
physical quality/
sensitive period/
changing trend