More than 100 modifications have been found in RNA. Analogous to epigenetic DNA methylation, epitranscriptomic modifications can be written, read, and erased by a complex network of proteins. Apart from N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A) has been found as a reversible modification in tRNA and mRNA. m1A occurs at positions 9, 14, and 58 of tRNA, with m1A58 being critical for tRNA stability. Other than the hundreds of m1A sites in mRNA and long non-coding RNA transcripts, transcriptome-wide mapping of m1A also identifies >20?m1A sites in mitochondrial genes. m1A in the coding region of mitochondrial transcripts can inhibit the translation of the corresponding proteins. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of m1A in mRNA and tRNA, covering high-throughput sequencing methods developed for m1A methylome, m1A-related enzymes (writers and erasers), as well as its functions in mRNA and tRNA.
迄今为止人们已经在RNA上发现了100多种化学修饰。与表观遗传学中的DNA甲基化相似，表观转录组上的修饰也能够由一系列的蛋白引入、识别和去除。N1-甲基腺苷（m1A）是一种存在于tRNA和mRNA上的可逆修饰。它在tRNA上主要存在于9,14和58位，其中m1A58对tRNA的稳定性起到至关重要的作用。人们利用对转录组进行高通量测序的方法，在mRNA和lncRNA上鉴定出了超过100个m1A位点，同时在线粒体基因中也发现了20多个m1A位点，并发现线粒体基因中的m1A会抑制相关蛋白的翻译。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前在mRNA和tRNA上对m1A的研究，介绍了针对m1A的高通量测序方法以及与m1A相关的蛋白（甲基转移酶和去甲基酶），并阐述了m1A在mRNA和tRNA上的功能。





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