Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to lessen symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the effects of PPI therapy on the gastrointestinal microbiota in GERD patients remain unclear. We examined the association between the PPI usage and the microbiota present in gastric mucosal and fecal samples from GERD patients and healthy controls (HCs) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. GERD patients taking PPIs were further divided into short-term and long-term PPI user groups. We showed that PPI administration lowered the relative bacterial diversity of the gastric microbiota in GERD patients. Compared to the non-PPI-user and HC groups, higher abundances of Planococcaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, and Sphingomonadaceae were found in the gastric microbiota from the PPI-user group. In addition, the Methylophilus genus was more highly abundant in the long-term PPI user group than in the short-term PPI-user group. Despite the absence of differences in alpha diversity, there were significant differences in the fecal bacterial composition of between GERD patients taking PPIs and those not taking PPIs. There was a higher abundance of Streptococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae present in the fecal microbiota from the PPI-user group than those from the non-PPI-user and HC groups. Additionally, a significantly higher abundance of Ruminococcus was found in GERD patients on long-term PPI medication than that on short-term PPI medication. Our study indicates that PPI administration in patients with GERD has a significant effect on the abundance and structure of the gastric mucosal microbiota but only on the composition of the fecal microbiota.
质子泵抑制剂（PPI）通常用于减轻胃食管反流病（GERD）患者的症状。然而，PPI治疗对GERD患者胃肠道微生物群的影响仍不清楚。我们使用16S rRNA基因测序检测了PPI使用与来自GERD患者和健康对照（HC）的胃粘膜和粪便样品中的微生物之间的关联。服用PPI的GERD患者进一步分为短期和长期PPI使用组。我们发现PPI给药降低了GERD患者胃微生物的细菌多样性。与非PPI使用组和HC组相比，来自PPI使用组的胃微生物群中发现了更高丰度的Planococcaceae，Oxalobacteraceae和Sphingomonadaceae。此外，长期PPI使用组中的Methylophilus属比在短期PPI使用组中更丰富。尽管α多样性没有差异，但服用PPI的GERD患者和未服用PPI的GERD患者的粪便细菌组成存在显着差异。来自PPI使用组的粪便微生物群中存在的链球菌科，Veillonellaceae，Acidaminococcaceae，Micrococcaceae和Flavobacteriaceae的丰度高于非PPI使用和HC组。此外，长期PPI药物治疗的GERD患者的Ruminococcus丰度明显高于短期PPI药物。我们的研究表明，GERD患者的PPI给药对胃粘膜微生物群的丰度和结构有显着影响，但仅对粪便微生物群的组成有影响。





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