Inulin has been used as a prebiotic to alleviate glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in mice and humans by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the mechanism underlying the alleviation of metabolic disorders by inulin through interactions between the gut microbiota and host cells is unclear. We use ob/ob mice as a model to study the effect of inulin on the cecal microbiota by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and its interaction with host cells by transcriptomics. The inulin-supplemented diet improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorder parameters in ob/ob mice, alleviating fat accumulation and glucose intolerance. The α diversity of gut microbial community of ob/ob mice was reduced after inulin treatment, while the β diversity tended to return to the level of wild type mice. Interestingly, Prevotellaceae UCG 001 (family Prevotellaceae) was obviously enriched after inulin treatment. A comparative analysis of the gene expression profile showed that the cecal transcriptome was changed in leptin gene deficiency mice, whereas the inulin-supplemented diet partially reversed the changes in leptin gene-related signaling pathways, especially AMPK signaling pathway, where the levels of gene expression became comparable to those in wild type mice. Further analysis indicated that Prevotellaceae UCG 001 was positively correlated with the AMPK signaling pathway, which was negatively correlated with markers of glycolipid metabolism disorders. Our results suggest that the inulin-supplemented diet alleviates glucose and lipid metabolism disorders by partially restoring leptin related pathways mediated by gut microbiota.
菊粉作为益生元可以通过调节小鼠和人的肠道菌群来缓解糖脂代谢紊乱，然而，菊粉通过肠道菌群和宿主细胞相互作用关系来改善代谢紊乱的作用机制仍不清楚。我们使用ob/ob小鼠作为模型，利用16S rRNA扩增子测序技术和转录组测序技术来研究菊粉对盲肠菌群的影响以及菌群和宿主细胞的互作关系。添加了菊粉的饮食可以明显改善ob/ob小鼠的糖脂代谢紊乱相关指标，减轻脂肪沉积和葡萄糖不耐受程度，菊粉干预后小鼠盲肠菌群的α多样性降低，而β多样性趋向于恢复到野生型状态。有趣的是，Prevotellaceae UCG 001（属于Prevotellaceae科）这一菌属在菊粉干预后得到显著富集。基因表达谱的分析结果表明leptin基因缺陷型小鼠的盲肠转录组发生改变，而菊粉干预则可以恢复部分信号通路的丰度，尤其是AMPK signaling pathway，基本恢复到野生型水平。Prevotellaceae UCG 001与AMPK signaling pathway之间呈显著正相关，与糖脂代谢紊乱指标呈现显著负相关。我们的研究结果表明菊粉改善糖脂代谢紊乱可能是通过肠道菌群介导的恢复部分leptin基因相关信号通路来实现的。





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