黄建涛^1,2, 郑伟³, 万年新⁴, 路景钫^1,2, 李捷¹
1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院, 山东 青岛 266033;2.海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室地质过程与环境功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266200;3.自然资源部第一海洋研究所, 山东 青岛 266061;4.山东省调水工程运行维护中心棘洪滩水库管理站, 山东 青岛 266111

摘要:
基于莱州湾滨海湿地特征以及野外实地观测数据，利用landsat遥感影像手段，揭示1990—2018年莱州湾滨海湿地景观格局变化特征，并结合景观指数分析莱州湾滨海湿地异质性。结果表明，1990—2018年间，莱州湾滨海湿地呈现人工滨海湿地面积增加而天然滨海湿地面积减少的趋势。截至2018年莱州湾滨海湿地面积总计1 954 km²，其中天然滨海湿地面积约811 km²，人工滨海湿地面积约1 143 km²，分别占42%和58%，滨海湿地向建设用地转化的趋势明显。斑块数量（NP）、景观形状指数（LSI）等景观指数值逐年增加，表明莱州湾景观格局变化明显且破碎化程度加重。莱州湾滨海湿地不同岸段之间景观格局变化的驱动机制不完全一样，造成其破碎化程度加重的自然驱动力有河口冲淤、降水量变化等；人工驱动力主要为城市建设、港口码头、集约用海区建设、养殖业和制盐业的开发利用等。以期对莱州湾滨海湿地生态系统退化原因、合理利用和优化土地空间布局、采取有效措施保护及恢复滨海湿地提供一定的技术支持。
关键词:滨海湿地遥感解译景观类型景观指数破碎化
DOI：10.11759/hykx20191003001
分类号:F205
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51779048）；山东省专项海洋科技资金重大科技创新工程（2018SDKJ0505）；山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室开放课题（2016KFJJ01）

Characteristics of changes occurring in the landscape patterns in the coastal wetlands of the Laizhou Bay in the last 30 years
HUANG Jian-tao^1,2, ZHENG Wei³, WAN Nian-xin⁴, LU Jing-fang^1,2, LI Jie¹
1.Institute of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China;2.Laboratory for Marine Geology and Environment, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266200, China;3.The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China;4.Jihongtan Reservoir Management Station, Shandong Water Diversion Project Operation and Maintenance Center, Qingdao 266111, China
Abstract:
The development and usage of the various coastal zones in different regions of the Laizhou Bay are quite different, with the presence of diverse landscape types and significant spatial heterogeneity. The characteristics of landscape pattern changes in the coastal wetlands of the Laizhou Bay, from 1990 to 2018, were revealed by using Landsat remote sensing and a localized investigation, combined with landscape indexing to analyze the heterogeneity of coastal wetlands. The results show that the natural wetland area has decreased whereas the artificial wetland area has increased in size in the Laizhou Bay during the 1990-2018 period. In 2018, the natural wetland area was about 811 km² and the artificial coastal wetland area was 1 143 km², occupying about 42% and 58%, respectively, of the total 1 954 km² of coastal wetlands in the Laizhou Bay. The trend that we are seeing, of coastal wetlands being converted to construction land, is obvious. The Number of Patches (NP), the Landscape Shape Index (LSI), and other landscape index values, have been increasing year after year, indicating that the landscape pattern of the Laizhou Bay is changing significantly and the degree of fragmentation is being exacerbated. The driving forces causing these landscape pattern changes, among different shores of coastal wetlands in the Laizhou Bay area, are varied. The natural driving forces, that cause the degree of fragmentation to increase, are estuarine erosion and seawater intrusion, while the artificial driving forces are mainly from the development and utilization of urban construction, port aquaculture, and the salt industry. This paper aims to provide some technical understanding behind the causes of the ecological degradation of the Laizhou Bay, the rational utilization and optimization of land space layout and the effective measures to protect and restore coastal wetlands.
Key words:coastal wetlandremote sensing interpretationlandscape typeslandscape indexfragmentation





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