张玉新^1,2,3, 宋洋^1,2,3, 侯西勇^1,3
1.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 山东 烟台 264003;2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3.中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室, 山东 烟台 264003

摘要:
基于Landsat遥感影像，建立1988年、2000年和2015年3个时期马六甲海峡两侧的岸线数据，并从岸线结构、岸线变化速率、海陆格局和岸线开发利用强度等方面分析1988—2000年、2000—2015年和1988—2015年不同时段区域陆体以及槟城港等12个主要港口区域的岸线时空变化特征。结果如下：岸线结构变化显著，人工岸线长度和比例急剧增加，港口区域逐渐从单一类型主导向多元结构转变；除个别港口外，两侧岸线均呈向海扩张状态，南北两岸的岸线平均变化速率分别为0.91 m/a和1.20 m/a；因海峡南岸沼泽广布、地势低平及海平面上升等原因，其岸线稳定性差于海峡北岸；岸线开发利用强度持续增强，并表现出明显的海峡北岸强于南岸的空间差异，以及北岸第一阶段增长快于第二阶段，南岸第一阶段增长慢于第二阶段的时间差异。马六甲海峡的交通运输功能是两岸岸线变化的主要驱动因素。本研究对认识马六甲海峡两岸及港口区域岸线的时空变化和发展特征有重要意义，对海峡及港口岸线的综合管理具有一定借鉴作用。
关键词:海岸线变化自然岸线人工岸线开发利用强度马六甲海峡港口
DOI：10.11759/hykx20181014001
分类号:P748
基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目（XDA19060205）

Spatial-temporal characters of coastline changes in the Strait of Malacca during 1988-2015
ZHANG Yu-xin^1,2,3, SONG Yang^1,2,3, HOU Xi-yong^1,3
1.Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3.Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
Abstract:
Based on Landsat remote sensing images, the coastlines on both sides of the Straits of Malacca were extracted in 1988, 2000, and 2015. From the aspects of coastline structure, coastline change rate, land-sea patterns, and strength of shoreline development and utilization, the spatial-temporal characteristics of the coastline changes during different time periods, 1988-2000, 2000-2015, and 1988-2015, on both sides of the Straits of Malacca and 12 major ports, such as the Penang Port, were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows:The coastline structure in the study area changed significantly, partiularly in the port area, where it gradually changed from single-type to multi-structure, and the length and proportion of the artificial shoreline increased sharply. Except for a few ports, the coastlines on both sides expanded seaward, and the average rates of the coastlines change on the north and south sides were 0.91 m/a and 1.20 m/a, respectively. The stability of the south shoreline of the strait was worse than that of the north bank because of the wide swamp of the south shoreline, low terrain, and rising sea level. The degree of the shoreline development and utilization continued to increase. The spatial difference between the north bank of the strait and south bank was significant. The growth of the first phase of the north bank was faster than that of the second phase, while the growth of the first phase of the south bank was slower than that of the second phase. The main driving factor of the changes in the coastline of the two sides was the transportation function of the Straits of Malacca.
Key words:coastline changenatural coastlinehardened coastlinedevelopment and utilization intensitythe Strait of Malaccaport





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