王晓东^1,2, 李超伦^1,2
1.中国科学院海洋研究所 海洋生态和环境科学重点实验室;2.中国科学院大学

摘要:
长江口海域是受人类活动以及自然变动多重压力影响下的典型水域。为研究长江口海域浮游动物群落动态, 作者基于1998～2011年每年5月(春季)和11月(秋季)长江口海域(30°30′～32°00′N、121°00′～123°20′E)浮游动物调查资料, 利用多元统计分析方法, 开展了该水域浮游动物群落结构分析。基于物种组成及相对丰度进行聚类, 春、秋季长江口海域的浮游动物可分为3个群落: A(淡水/半咸水群落、B(过渡群落)、C(外海群落)。群落的地理分布与海域的盐度梯度分布相对应, 其中: 浮游动物群落A与群落B的地理分界一般在盐度等值线14～18, 群落B与群落C的地理分界一般在盐度等值线24～28。淡水种以及半咸水种只在群落A中占优势; 水母类只在群落C中优势度值较高。比较分析1998～2011年各群落的物种多样性的年间变化, 发现秋季群落A的物种多样性呈现显著升高的趋势, 而群落B的物种多样性呈现显著降低的趋势; 春季, 群落B的物种多样性呈现显著升高的趋势, 而群落C则呈现显著降低的趋势。
关键词:浮游动物长江口群落
DOI：10.11759/hykx20171128003
分类号:
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(41476139)

Classification of zooplankton communities in the adjacent waters of the Changjiang River estuary based on data from 1998 to 2011
WANG Xiao-dong,LI Chao-lun
Abstract:
The Changjiang River Estuary has been facing multiple environmental pressures due to extensive human activities and climatic changes. Therefore, a long-term investigation (1998–2011) was conducted in each May and November to investigate the effects of these environmental changes on the community dynamics of zooplankton in the adjacent waters of Changjiang River estuary (30°30′N to 32°00′N, 121°00′E to 123°20′E). Based on the species compositions and the relative abundances of zooplankton, the following three distinguishing zooplankton communities were identified: Community A (freshwater and brackish water species), Community B (transition community), and Community C (marine species). The long-term investigation illustrated the continuous changes occurring in the three zooplankton communities at the interannual level. Moreover, coupled relationships between the communities and relative abundance and seawater salinity were detected over the entire study period. Seawater salinity between 14 and 18 was identified as the geographic boundary between Community A and Community B, whereas seawater salinity between 24 and 28 was identified as the boundary between Community B and Community C. Community A was dominated by freshwater and brackish water species, whereas jellyfish were found only in Community C. Over the entire study period, for autumn, the trends in species diversities revealed a significant increase for Community A and a significant decline for Community B. For spring, the trends in species diversities exhibited a significant increase for Community B and a significant decline for Community C.
Key words:zooplanktonChangjiang River Estuarycommunity





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