任庆强^1,2,3, 线薇微^1,2, 张 岩⁴, 刘春龙¹, 李文龙¹
1.中国科学院 海洋研究所 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室;2.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室;3.上海海洋大学 水产与生命学院;4.中国水产科学研究院 黄海水产研究所

摘要:
为探讨2013年长江口及其邻近海域游泳动物中无脊椎动物群落特征, 作者根据5月(春季)和11月(秋季)长江口渔业资源综合调查数据, 探讨无脊椎动物优势种分布和群落结构与环境因子的关系。结果显示, 2013年共采集无脊椎动物25种, 隶属于2纲5目11科, 甲壳动物为优势类群。春季优势种为三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)和日本枪乌贼(Loliolus japonica); 秋季优势种为三疣梭子蟹、中华管鞭虾(Solenocera melantho)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)和双斑蟳(Charybdis bimaculata), 其中三疣梭子蟹在两季节优势度均为最高。春、秋两季无脊椎动物群落差异极显著, 两个季节都存在南、北两个群聚组。无脊椎动物资源量主要集中在优势种群, 秋季丰度和生物量均高于春季。无脊椎动物群落季节内站位之间相似性较低, 季节间差异较高, 表现出较明显的空间异质性和季节演替。冗余分析(RDA)结果显示, 春、秋季无脊椎动物群落时空差异显著, 两季节均存在南、北两个群聚组。优势物种对悬浮物的选择性不同, 三疣梭子蟹、口虾蛄和双斑蟳丰度的高值区均集中在高浊度海域, 日本枪乌贼和中华管鞭虾更倾向于分布在清澈的海域。温度主要影响物种的季节洄游而驱动无脊椎动物群落的时间变异, 悬浮物含量主要影响动物生存条件而驱动群落的空间变异。
关键词:长江口无脊椎动物群落结构环境驱动时空变化
DOI：10.11759/hykx10.1175920180423002
分类号:
基金项目:国家基金委-山东省联合基金项目(U1606404); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(41176138, 31272663); 国务院三峡工程建设委员会资助项目(JJ 2013-011)

Assemblage characteristics of invertebrates in the Yangtze River Estuary driven by environmental factors
REN Qing-qiang,XIAN Wei-wei,ZHANG Yan,LIU Chun-long,LI Wen-long
Abstract:
Based on the data of two bottom trawl investigations in May (spring) and November (autumn) of 2013, the distribution and community structure of invertebrates and related environmental factors in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters were analyzed. A total of 25 species were collected, belonging to 2 classes, 5 orders and 11 families, of which crustacean was the major part. Loliolus japonica and Portunus trituberculatus were the dominant species in the spring, and Oratosquilla oratoria, Portunus trituberculatus, Solenocera Melantho and Charybdis bimaculata in the autumn. Extremely significant differences occurred between invertebrate communities in the spring and autumn and there are two cluster groups in the north and south in each season. Invertebrate resources in 2013 were mainly concentrated on the dominant population, abundance and biomass in autumn were higher than spring. The invertebrate assemblage has a low similarity between stations in each season and a high degree of difference between seasons, which indicated high spatial heterogeneity and obvious seasonal succession. Ordination analysis results showed that significant spatio-temporal difference of invertebrate assemblage was discovered in spring and autumn, and there are two cluster groups in the south and north in both seasons. Dominant species have different tropism to suspended matter, Portunus trituberculatus, Oratosquilla oratoria and Charybdis bimaculata have shown a tendency towards the turbid waters, and the Loliolus japonica and Solenocera melantho were more inclined to be distributed in the clear waters. Temperature mainly affects seasonal migration of species, which in turn drives the temporal variation, and the concentration of suspended matters principally drives the spatial variation of invertebrate assemblage by affecting species surviving habitat.
Key words:Yangtze River Estuaryinvertebratecommunity structureenvironment-drivenspatial-temporal variation





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