Zhengyu Liu
　　Professor/Director, Center for Climatic Research-The Nelson Institute of Environmental Studies & Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706,
　　Ph: (608) 262-0777, Fax: (608) 263-4190, email: zliu3@wisc.edu
　　Ph.D., Physical Oceanography, MIT (Advisor: J. Pedlosky) 87- 91
　　M.S., Dynamic Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Science 82- 85
　　B.S., Applied Mathematics, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, China 78- 82.

　　Experience:
　　Director, Center for Climatic Research-Nelson Institute 02-
　　Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison 02-
　　Associate Director, Center for Climatic Research-Nelson Institute 00-02
　　Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison 98 -02
　　Assistant Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison 93– 98
　　Postdoctoral Fellow, Princeton University, (Mentor: G. Philander) 91 –93
　　Lecturer, Dept. Earth Sciences, Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences 85 –87

　　Research Interests:
　　Ocean-atmosphere interaction and climate dynamics, Paleoclimate modeling, Dynamics of oceanic circulation, Earth system modeling．

　　Other Scholarly Activity:
　　Member, NSF paleo-proxy working group, 2005; Co-chair, CCSM paleoclimate working group, 2005-; Member, U.S. CLIVAR-Pacific steering committee, 2004-; Member, Tropical past climate working group, 03; Senior Visiting Professor Award, The University of Tokyo, Japan, 02; Chinese Ministry of Education Special Professor, Ocean University of China, 01-; Member, Marine Earth System History steering committee, 01; Member, Shallow STC and Climate working group, 00; Excellent Oversea Chinese Scientist Award, Chinese NSF, 00; Vilas Associate Professor, UW-Madison, 99; Member, U.S. PAGE/CLIVAR working group, 99; Member, Graduate School Research Committee, UW-Madison, 99-02; Member, Steering Committee, Asian Partnership Program/UW-Madison, 99-; Visiting Scientist, IPRC, University of Hawaii, 99; Member, Advisory Panel of NCAR Supercomputing, 98-00; Visiting Scientist, NCAR, 95,96; Young Investigator Award /ONR, 95; NOAA Postdoctoral Fellowship on Climate Change, 91-93.

　　Courses Taught
　　AOS171: Global Climate Change (Fall, 03, 04)
　　AOS611: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics II: Large-Scale Dynamics (Spring, 96, 97, 98, 99,
　　00, 01, 03, 04, 05)
　　AOS660: Introduction to Physical Oceanography. (Fall 94, 95, 98)
　　AOS761: Dynamics of General Oceanic Circulation. (Spring, 94, 95, 99, Fall, 96, 00, 02. 05)
　　AOS760: Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Global Climate Variability (Fall, 97, 99)
　　AOS801: Advanced Topics in Ocean Dynamics (Fall, 95).
　　AOS900: Seminar in Classical Problems in Meteorology (Fall, 97, 02)
　　AOS901: Seminar in Advanced Dynamics (Fall, 93,96)
　　AOS910: Seminar in Global Climate (Spring, 97, 02, 03, 04, 05)
　　AOS960: Seminar in Oceanography (Spring, 96, 04; Fall, 99, 00, 03)

　　Publications
　　Liu Z. 1989: Orographically forced oscillation in a barotropic atmosphere. Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, 13, 166-177.
　　Liu Z. 1990: On the influence of the continental slope on the inertial western boundary current--the enhanced transport and recirculation. J. Mar. Res., 48, 254-284
　　Zhu B.Z., F.F. Jin and Z. Liu. 1990: An introduction to the nonlinear dynamics of the atmosphere and ocean. (in Chinese). China Ocean Press. 328pp
　　Liu, Z., 1993: Thermocline forced by varying wind. I: spin-up and spin-down. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2505-2522,
　　Liu, Z., 1993: Thermocline forced by varying wind. II: annual and decadal Ekman pumping. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2523-2541,
　　Liu, Z., 1993: Interannual positive feedbacks in a simple extratropical air-sea coupling system. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3022-3028.
　　Liu, Z., 1993: Interannual planetary wave breaking in the presence of mean Ekman pumping and flow. J. Fluid Mechanics, 253, 45-65
　　Liu Z., 1993: Penetration of interannual planetary waves across a gyre boundary. Dyn. Atmos. Ocean. 17, 169-186.
　　Liu, Z., J. Pedlosky, D. Marshall, T. Warnocke, 1993: On the feedback of the Rhines-Young pool on the ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1592-1596,
　　Liu, Z., 1993: A note on intergyre mass exchange due to a migrating wind. Dyn. Atmos. Ocean, 17, 157-167
　　Liu,Z. and J. Pedlosky, 1994: Thermocline forced by annual and decadal surface temperature variation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 587-608,
　　Liu, Z. and S.P. Xie, 1994: Equatorward propagation of coupled air-sea disturbances with application to the annual cycle of the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3807-3822.
　　Liu, Z. and H. Yang, 1994: Intergyre chaotic transport, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1768-1782,
　　Yang, H. and Z. Liu, 1994: Chaotic transport in ocean gyres. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 545-548.
　　Liu, Z. , 1994: A simple model of the mass exchange between the subtropical and tropical ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1153-1165.
　　Liu, Z., S.G.H.Philander and R. Pacanowski, 1994: A GCM study of tropical -subtropical upper ocean mass exchange. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2606-2623.
　　Liu, Z. and S.G.H. Philander, 1995: How different wind patterns affect the tropical-subtropical thermocline circulation in the upper ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 449-462.
　　Liu, Z., 1996: On the destruction of inertial recirculation by annual wind migration. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 242-256.
　　Liu, Z., 1996: Thermocline variability in different dynamic regions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1633-1645.
　　Sun, D. and Z. Liu, 1996: Dynamic ocean-atmosphere coupling: a thermostat for the tropics. Science, 272, 1148-1150.
　　Liu, Z., 1996: Modeling the equatorial annual cycle with a linear coupled model. J. Climate, 9, 2376-2385.
　　Kutzbach, J., P.Bartlein, J. Foley, S. Harrison, S. Hostetler, Z. Liu, E.C. Prentice and T. Webb, 1996: The potential role of vegetation feedback in the climate sensitivity of high-latitude regions: a case study at 6000 years before present. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10, 727-736
　　Liu, Z. and B. Huang, 1997: A coupled theory of tropical climatology: Warm pool, cold tongue and Walker Circulation. J. Climate, 10, 1662-1679.
　　Liu, Z., 1997: Oceanic regulation of the atmospheric Walker circulation. Bulletin of American Meteological Society, 78, 407-412.
　　Yang, H. and Z. Liu, 1997: Three-dimensional chaotic ocean transport: the Great Ocean Barrier. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1258-1273.
　　Kutzbach J. and Z. Liu, 1997: Oceanic feedback on the western African monsoon at 6000 BP. Science, 278, 440-443.
　　Liu, Z., 1997: On the role of stratification in inertial recirculation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 926-940
　　Liu, Z., 1998: On the role of ocean in the transient response of tropical climatology to global warming. J. Climate. 11, 864-875.
　　Liu, Z. and B. Huang , 1998: Why is there a tritium maximum in the central equatorial Pacific thermocline ? J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1527-1533.
　　Liu, Z. and R.H. Zhang, 1998: Propagation and mechanism of decadal upper ocean variability in the North Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 739-742
　　Liu, Z. and S. Shin, 1999: On thermocline ventilation of active and passive tracers. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 357-360.
　　Liu, Z., 1999: Planetary wave modes in thermocline circulation: Non-Doppler-shift mode, advective mode and Green mode. Quat. J. Royal Meteor. Soc., 125, 1315-1339
　　Liu, Z., 1999: Forced planetary wave response in a thermocline gyre. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1036-1055
　　Huang, B. and Z. Liu, 1999: Pacific subtropical-tropical thermocline water exchange in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction ocean model. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 11,065-11,076
　　Wu, L, Z. Liu and H. Hurlbert, 1999: The effect of continental slope on buoyancy-driven circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1881-1891
　　Liu, Z., L. Wu and E. Bayler, 1999: Rossby wave -- coastal Kelvin wave interaction in the extratropics. I: low frequency adjustment in a closed basin. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 2383-2404
　　Liu, Z., L. Wu and H. Hurlburt, 1999: Rossby wave- Coastal Kelvin wave interaction in the extratropics: II: formation of island circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr, 29, 2405-2418
　　Liu, Z., R. Gallimore, J. Kutzbach, W. Xu, Y. Golubev, P. Behling and R. Siegle, 1999: Modeling long term climate change with the Equilibrium Asynchronous Coupling scheme. Climate Dyn., 15, 325-340
　　Zhang R. H and Z. Liu, 1999: Decadal thermocline variability in the North Pacific: Two pathways around the subtropical gyre. J. Climate, 12, 3273-3296
　　Wu, L., Z. Liu, and H. Hurlburt, 1999: The effect of north-south gyre width on the inertial recirculation. Geophys. & Astrophys. Fluid dynamics, 91, 45-63
　　Liu, Z., R. Jacobs, J. Kutzbach, S. Harrison and J. Anderson, 1999: Asian monsoon impact on El Nino in the early Holocene. PAGES Newsletter, Vol. 7, No. 2, 16-17
　　Liu, Z., S. Shin, P. Behling, W. Prell, M. Trend, S. Harrison and J. Kutzbach, 2000: Dynamic and observational constraints of sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific at the Last Glacial Maximum. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 105-108.
　　Liu Z. and B. Huang, 2000: Causes of the warming trend of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, No. 13, 1935-.
　　Wu, L.; Z. Liu, and Hurlburt, H. E. 2000: Kelvin wave and Rossby wave interaction in the extratropical-tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27 , No. 9 , 1259-
　　Liu Z. and L. Wu, 2000: Tropical Atlantic Oscillation in a coupled GCM. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 1, 26-36 (invited paper)
　　Wang, D. X. and Z. Liu, 2000: The pathway of interdecadal variability in the Pacific Ocean. Chinese Science Bulletin, 45, 1555-1561
　　Liu, Z., J. Kutzbach and L. Wu, 2000: Modeling climatic shift of El Nino variability in the Holocene. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2265-2268.
　　Shin S. and Z. Liu, 2000: Response of equatorial thermocline to extratropical buoyancy forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 2883-2905
　　Vavrus, S., R. Gallimore and Z. Liu, 2000: A mixed-flux equilibrium asynchronous coupling scheme for accelerating convergence in ocean-atmosphere models. Clim. Dyn., 16. 821-831
　　Yang, H., Q. Liu and Z. Liu, 2001: Sverdrup dynamics in the South China Sea. Prog. Natrual Sci., 10, 1035-1039
　　Liu, Q, H. Yang and Z. Liu, 2000: Seasonal features of Sverdrup circulation in the South China Sea. Prog. Natural Sci., 11, 202-206
　　Liu, Z. and G. Philander, 2001: Tropical-extratropical oceanic exchange pathways. In Ocean Circulation and Climate: Observing and Modeling the Global Ocean. ed. G. Siedler et al., 247-254 (invited paper)
　　Liu, Z., H. Yang and Q. Liu, 2001: Regional dynamics of seasonal variability of sea surface height in the South China Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 272-284
　　Delire C., P. Behling, M. T. Coe, J.A. Foley, R. Jacob, J. Kutzbach, Z. Liu and S. Vavrus, 2001: Simulated response of the atmosphere-ocean system to deforestation in the Indonesian Archipelago. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2081-2084
　　Stephens M., Z. Liu and H. Yang, 2001: On the evolution of subduction planetary waves with application to Pacific decadal thermocline variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1733-1746
　　Stephens M. Y. and Z. Liu, 2001: The response of the upper ocean to surface buoyancy forcing: a characteristic solution to wave propagation. Contemporary Mathematics, 275, 117-127
　　Huang, B. and Z. Liu, 2001: On the upper ocean trend of the Pacific Ocean in the last 40 years. J. Clim., 14, 3738-3750.
　　Huang, B. and Z. Liu, 2000: Temperature trends in the upper tropical Indian Ocean: 1955-1993. Dynamics of Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations and Climate, Memorial Volume for Prof. Zhu Baozhen, China Ocean Meteorological. 413-433
　　Zhou W., M. John, Z. An, P.D. Deckker, Z. Liu, X. Liu, X. Lu, A. J. T. Jull, D. Donahue, 2001: Terrestrial evidence for a spatial structure of tropical-polar interconnections during the Younger Dryas Episode. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 191, 231-239
　　Wu, L., Z. Liu and R. Gallimore, 2001: Pacific interdecadal variability in a coupled model. Dynamics of Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations and Climate, ed. B. Wang, China Meteological Press, 486-507
　　Liu Q.Y., Haijun Yang, Shaoxia Wang, Z. Liu, 2001: Dynamic features of long Rossby wave in the North Pacific subtropical countercurrent. Chinese Journal of Geophysics., 44, 27-37
　　Inui T. and Z. Liu, 2002: An interpretation of Pacific thermocline variability. The effect of wind forcing on subduction. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 1094-1105.
　　Liu, Z., 2002: A simple model study of the forced response of ENSO to an external periodic forcing. J. Clim., 15, 1088-1098.
　　Vavrus, S., and Z. Liu, 2002: Understanding the response of the tropical atmosphere-ocean system to increased CO2 using Equilibrium Asynchronous Coupling. Climate Dyn, 19, 355-369.
　　Huang, B. and Z. Liu, 2002: An OGCM Simulation of seasonal and interannual variability in the surface layer Pacific of the equatorial band. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 19, 219-235.
　　Wu L. and Z. Liu, 2002: Dynamic control of Pacific oceanic variability on the western boundary and marginal seas. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 96, 201-222.
　　Liu, Z., W. Wu, R. Gallimore and R. Jacob, 2002: Search for the origins of Pacific decadal climate variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 , 10.1029/2001GL013735
　　Liu, Z., S. Shin, B. Otto-Bliesner, J. Kutzbach and E. Brady, 2002: Tropical Cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum and Extratropical Ocean Ventilation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 , 10.1029/2001GL013938
　　Yang H., Q. Liu, Z. Liu, D, Wang and X. Liu, 2002: A GCM study of the dynamics of the upper ocean circulation of the South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res.., 107, 10.1029/2001JC001084, 22-1-14
　　Liu, Q.Y., Y. Jia, H. Yang and Z. Liu, 2002: Seasonal variation mechanism of sea surface height in the north of the SCS. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 24, 134-141
　　Wu L. and Z. Liu, 2002: Is tropical Atlantic variability driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation? Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 10.1029/2002GL014939
　　Wu, L., Q. Zhang and Z. Liu, 2002: Searching for the role of ENSO in the tropical Atlantic variability. Clivar Exchanges, No.25, Vol.7 3/4
　　Liu, Z., 2002: How long is the memory of tropical ocean dynamics. J. Clim., 15, 3518-3522
　　Shin S., Z. Liu, B. Otto-Bliesner, E. Brady, J. Kutzbach, S. Harrison, 2003: A NCAR CCSM simulation of the climate at the Last Glacial Maximum. Clim. Dyn, 20, 127-151
　　Shin S., Z. Liu, B. Otto-Bliesner, E. Brady, J. Kutzbach, 2002: Southern Ocean sea-ice control of the glacial North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, DOI:10.1029/2002GL015513
　　Liu, Z., 2003: Tropical ocean decadal variability and the resonance of planetary wave basin modes: I: Theory. J. Clim., 16, 1539-1550
　　Wu. L, Z. Liu, R. Gallimore, R. Jacob, D. Lee, and Y. Zhong, 2003: A coupled modeling study of Pacific decadal variability: The Tropical Mode and The North Pacific Mode. J. Climate, 16, 1101-1120
　　Wang, D. , J. Wang, L. Wu, Z. Liu. 2003. Relative importance of wind and buoyancy forcing for interdecadal regime shifts in the Pacific. Science in China, 46 (5) : 417-427
　　Wang, D. J. Wang, L. Wu, and Z. Liu, 2003: Regime shifts in the North Pacific simulated by a COADS-driven isopycnal model. Advances in Atmospheric sciences, 20, 743-754.
　　Harrison, S., J. Kutzbach, Z. Liu, P. Bartlein, B. Otto-Bliesner, D. Muhs, I. Prentice and R. Thompson, 2003: Mid-Holocene climates of the Americas: a dynamical response to changes seasonality. Clim. Dyn., 20, 663-688
　　Liu, Z. and H. Yang, 2003: Extratropical control on tropical climate: atmospheric bridge and oceanic tunnel. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 10.1029/2002GL016492
　　Liu, Z., B. Otto-Bliesner, J. Kutzbach, L. Li, C. Shields, 2003: Coupled climate simulations of the evolution of global monsoons in the Holocene. J. Clim., 16, 2472-2490
　　Liu, Z., E. Brady and J. Lynch-Steiglitz, 2003: Global ocean response to orbital forcing in the Holocene. Paleoceanography, 18 (2), 1041, doi:10.1029/2002PA000819.
　　Miller, A. J., M.A. Alexander, G.J. Boer, F. Chai, K. Denman, D. J. Erickson, r. Frouin, A.J. Gabric, E.A. Laws, M.R. Lewis, Z. Liu, R. Murtugudde, S. Nakamoto, D.J. Nelson, J.R. Norris, J. C. Ohlmann, R. I. Perry, N. Schneider, K. M. Shell and A. Timmermann, 2003: Potential feedbacks between Pacific ocean ecosystems and interdecadal climate variations. Bull. Ame. Meteor. Soc., 84 (5), 617-633
　　Yang H. and Z. Liu, 2003: On basin modes in a tropical-extratropical ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 2751-2763
　　Wu, L. and Z. Liu, 2003: Decadal variability in the North Pacific: the Eastern North Pacific Mode. J. Clim., 16, 3111-3131
　　Wu, L., and Z. Liu, 2003: On the dynamics of North Atlantic decadal variability, Clivar Exchange, No.28.
　　Liu, X., J. Kutzbach, Z. Liu, Z. An, Li L., 2003: The amplification of Tibetan Plateau on the effect of orbital forcing on the East Asian monsoon. GRL, 30 (16), 1839, doi:10.1029/2003GL017510,2003
　　Otto-Bliesner, B., E. Brady, S. Shin, Z. Liu, C. Shields, 2003: Modeling El Nino and its tropical teleconnections during the glacial-interglacial cycle. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, No.23, 2198, doi:10.1029/2003GL08553
　　Loubere P., M. Richaud, Z. Liu and F. Mekik, 2003: Oceanic conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the onset of ENSO in the Holocene. Quaternary Research, 60, 142-148
　　Liu, Z., Q. Zhang and L. Wu, 2004: The remote impact on tropical Atlantic climate variability: the dynamic assessment and statistical assessment. J. Clim., 17, 1529-1549
　　Yang H., Z. Liu and H. Wang, 2004: Influence of extratropical thermal and wind forcings on equatorial thermocline in an ocean GCM. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 174-187
　　Liu, Z. and L. Wu, 2004: Atmospheric response to North Pacific SST: The role of ocean-atmosphere coupling. J. Clim., 17, 1859-1882
　　Yang H., Z. Liu and Q. Zhang, 2004: Tropical ocean decadal variability and the resonance of planetary wave basin modes: II: Numerical Study. J. Clim., 17, 1711-1721
　　Liu, Z., S. Harrison, J. Kutzbach, B. Otto-Bliesner: 2004: Global monsoons in the mid-Holocene and oceanic feedback: Clim. Dyn.., 22, 157-182.
　　Liu, Z., W. Lewis and A. Ganopolski, 2004: A Coordinated Acceleration Scheme for the Simulation of Long Term Climate Evolution. Climate Dyn., 22, 771-781
　　Wu, L., Q. Zhang, and Z. Liu, 2004: Understanding the tropical Atlantic variability using coupled modeling surgery. In Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie and J.A. Carton (eds.), AGU Geophysical Monograph, 147, 157-170.
　　Branconnot, P., S.P. Harrison, S. Joussaume, C.D. Hewitt, A. Kitoh, J.E. Kutzbach, Z. Liu, B. Otto-Bliesner, J. Syktus, and N. Weber, 2004: Evaluation of PMIP Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Simulations of the Mid-Holocene. Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research. In press
　　Pan A., Q. Liu and Z. Liu, 2004: Periodic forcing and ENSO suppression in the Cane-Zebiak model. J. Oceanography, In press
　　Wu L. and Z. Liu, 2005: North Atlantic decadal variability: air-sea coupling, oceanic memory, and potential northern hemisphere resonance. J. Clim., 18, 331-349
　　Yang H., Q. Zhang, Y. Zhong, S. Vavrus, Z. Liu, 2005: How does extratropical warming affects ENSO? Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L01702, doi:10.1029/2004GL021624
　　Zhao, Y., P. Braconnot, O. Marti, S.P. Harrison, C. Hewitt, A. Kitoh, Z. Liu, U. Mikolajewicz, B. Otto-Bliesner and S. L. Weber, 2004: A multi-model analysis of ocean feedback on the African and Indian monsoon during the mid-Holocene. Clim. Dyn., in press
　　Liu, Z., S. Shin, R. Webb, W. Lewis and B. Otto-Bliesner, 2005: Atmospheric CO2 forcing on glacial thermohaline and climate. Geophys. Re. Lett, 32, L02706, doi:10.1029/2004GL021929
　　Notaro, M., Z. Liu, R. Gallimore, S. Vavrus, J. Kutzbach, C. Prentice and R. Jacob, 2004: Simulated and observed pre-industrial to modern vegetation and climate changes. J. Clim, in press
　　Vavrus S., M. Notaro and Z. Liu, 2004: A mechanism for abrupt climate change associated with tropical Pacific SSTs. J. Clim., in press.
　　An Soon-Il, Axel Timmermann, Luis Bejarano, Fei-Fei Jin, Z. Liu, Sandy Tudhope, 2004: Modeling evidence for enhanced ENSO variability during the Last Glacial Maximum. Paleoceagnoraphy, 19, doi:10.1029/2004PA001020
　　Yang H. and Z. Liu, 2005: Tropical-extratropical climate interaction as revealed in idealized coupled climate model experiments. Clim. Dyn., in press
　　Liu, Q,, Z. Liu and Pan A., 2005: A simple model study of ENSO and QBO interaction. Adv. Atmos. Sci., in press
　　Wu L., D. Lee, Z. Liu, 2005: Understanding climate regime shift in the North Pacific. J. Clim., in press
　　Bayler E. and Z. Liu, 2005: On the formation of the Vietnam coastal recirculation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press
　　Liu, Z., S. Vavrus and F. He, 2005: Rethinking tropical ocean response to global warming: the enhanced equatorial warming. J. Clim., in press
　　Liu, Z., M. Notaro, J. Kutzbach and N. Liu, 2005: Assessing global vegetation-climate feedbacks from the observation. J. Clim., in press.
　　Notaro, M. Z. Liu and J. Williams, 2005: An observational assessment of climate-vegetation feedback in the U.S. J. Clim., in press.
　　Liu, Z., 2005: Glacial thermohaline and climate: Is it driven from the North or South? Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,, in press
　　Wu L., F. He and Z. Liu, 2005: Coupled ocean-atmosphere response to tropical North Atlantic SST variability: Tropical Atlantic Dipole and ENSO. Geophys. Res. Lett., in press
　　Submitted and in preparation
　　Pan A., Q. Liu and Z. Liu, 2005: On the variability of the central Pacific mode water. J. Geophys. Res., submitted.
　　Lee D. and Z. Liu, 2005: Assess seasonal ocean-atmosphere interaction in the North Pacific. Clim. Dyn., submitted
　　Minobe, S. N. Schneider, Z. Liu, C. Deser, H. Nakamura, M. Nonoka, 2005: Pacific decadal variability: a review. J. Geophys. Res. Submitted
　　Wu L. , Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Q. Liu and X. Liu, 2005: Global climate impact from the North Pacific Ocean. J. Clim., submitted
　　Wu L. and Z. Liu, 2005: North Pacific impact on tropical climate shift: the two-phase teleconnections. J. Clim., submitted.
　　Liu, Z. and M. Alexander, 2005: Atmospheric bridge, oceanic tunnel and global climatic teleconnections. Rev. Geophys. (invited), submitted.
　　Abram N. J., M. K. Gagan, Z. Liu, W. S. Hantoro , M. T. McCulloch and B. W. Suwargadi, 2005: Variability in the Indian Ocean Dipole and tropical climate through the Holocene. Nature, submitted
　　Liu, X., J. Kutzbach, Z. Liu, S. Clemens and W. Prell, 2005: Hemispheric climate forcing and remote response of Asian monsoon. J. Climate, submitted
　　Wen N., Z. Liu, C. Frankignoul, Q. Liu, 2005: Observations of SST, heat flux and ocean-atmosphere interaction over the North Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett., submitted
　　Liu, Z., Y. Liu, L. Wu and R. Jacob, 2005: Seasonal and long term atmospheric response to North Pacific oceanic variability: the reemergence and its climate impact. J. Clim., submitted.
　　Liu, X., Z. Liu, J. Kutzbach, S. Clemens and W. Prell, 2005: A coupled model study of glacial Asian monsoon variability and Indian Ocean Dipole variability. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, submitted
　　Notaro, M., S. J. Vavrus and Z. Liu, 2005: Vegetation and climate changes due to future increases in CO2 as projected by a fully coupled model with dynamic vegetation. J. Climate, submitted.
　　Liu, Z. and N. Wen, 2005: Observational evidence of the response of the North Atlantic Oscillation to winter oceanic reemergence. J. Climate, to be submitted.
　　Liu, Z. and M. Notaro, 2005: Potential impact of boreal forest on Pacific Decadal Variability. in preparation
　　Liu, Z., Y. Wang, R. Gallimore, M. Notaro, E. Ong, J. Kutzbach and R. Jacob, 2005: Transient evolution of Holocene climate-ecosystem in the North Africa: Abrupt change or threshold response? in preparation
　　Booth, R., S. Hotchkiss, Z. Liu, 2005: The 4.2ka event -- a world-wide synthesis. in preparation
　　
　　Funding Awards
　　Expired
　　A Model Study of the Interaction of the Tropical-Subtropical Thermocline Circulation. PI: Z. Liu, Physical Oceanography/NSF, $160,000, 09//94 - 08/97
　　A Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model Study of the Annual Cycle in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific: the Extratropical Influence. PI: Z. Liu, Pam-America Climate Studies/NOAA, $127,174, 07/95 -06/97.
　　A Model Study of the Dynamics of the Western Boundary Current/Recirculation System. PI: Z. Liu, Young Investigator Award/ONR, $490,000, 06/95 --05/98,
　　Extratropical Climate Variability in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere System. CoPI: Z. Liu (PI: D.D. Hougnton, CoPI: R. Gallimore), Climate Dynamics/NSF, $360,000, 07/95 -- 06/97,
　　Extratropical Climate Variability in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere System. CoPI: Z. Liu (PI: D.D. Hougnton, CoPI: R. Gallimore), Climate Dynamics/NSF, $160,000, 09/97 -- 08/99,
　　Testing Earth System Models with Paleo Observations. CoPI: Z. Liu, (PI: J. Kutzbach, CoPI: J. Foley), Climate Dynamics/NSF, $1,050,000, 07/95 - 06/99,
　　Multiple-component Response of the Tropical Atmosphere/ocean/Vegetation system to CO2 increase. PI: Z. Liu, (CoPI; Kutzbach, J. Foley, J.), Model and Method for Integration Studies/NSF, $450,000, 09/97-08/00
　　A Coupled Modeling Study of Interdecadal-decadal Climate Variability in the Pacific Ocean Region. PI: Z. Liu (CoPI: R. Gallimore), Climate Dynamics/NSF $198,000, 11/98--10/00.
　　Determining the Change of Tropical Pacific Thermocline. PI: Z. Liu, GOALS/NOAA, $265,000, 09/98--08/01.
　　Dynamics of Decadal Thermocline Variability in the Extratropics. PI: Z. Liu, Physical Oceanography Program/NSF, $270,000 , 09/98--08/02.
　　The role of increasing CO2 levels and ocean and vegetation feedbacks in Permian global warming, and comparisons of simulations with observations. CoPI: Z. Liu (PI. J. Kutzbach), PaleoClim/NSF, $330,000, 02/99-01/02
　　Testing Earth System Models with Paleo Observations. CoPI: Z. Liu, (PI: J. Kutzbach), ESH/NSF, $1,050,000, 7/99 - 6/04,
　　Towards the prediction of decadal to multi-century processes in a high-throughput climate system model. PI: Z. Liu, (CoPI: J. Kutzbach, R. Jacob, C. Prentice), CCPP/DOE, $775,000, 09/01-08/04
　　A coupled modeling study of tropical decadal climate variability: extratropical-tropical interactions. PI: Z. Liu, (CoPI: L. Wu), Physical Oceanography/NASA, $372,000, 9/01-8/05
　　A pilot study of past decadal climate variability using the combined tree-ring and lake-verve proxy in northern Wisconsin, PI: Z. Liu, (CoPI: S. Kaplan), $25,000, 10/03-09/04, E. Wagner Foundation
　　Impact of Anthropogenic forcing on tropical ocean-atmosphere-vegetation system. PI: Z. Liu, (CoPI; J. Kutzbach, C. Prentice), Climate Dynamics/NSF, $500,000, 08/00-08/05
　　Total Expired Awards (1994- 2004): $6,585K, (PI award: $4,000K)

　　Current
　　Determining equatorial thermocline in the tropical climate system. PI: Z. Liu, CLIVAR-Pacific/NOAA, $340,000, 09/02--08/06.
　　Coupled dynamics of tropical Atlantic climate variability. PI: Z. Liu, CLIVAR-Atlantic/NOAA, $360,000, 09/02-08/06
　　Quantifying and Understanding the Effects of Extratropical Forcings on Equatorial Pacific Thermocline Using an OGCM and Its Adjoint. PI: T. Lee at JPL,(CoPI: Z. Liu), CLIVAR-Pacific/NOAA, 340,000, 03/03-02/06
　　Understanding Marine Bio-Physical Feedback in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere System using Ocean Color Remote Sensing Information, PI: Z. Liu, NESDIS/NOAA, $330,000, 06/03-05/06
　　Collaborative Research into Indo-Asian Monsoon Variability: Data and Model Assessment of Northern- and Southern-Hemisphere Mechanisms. PI: J. Kutzbach (CoPI: Z. Liu), Marine Geology/NSF, $240,000, 10/04-09/07
　　Towards the prediction of decadal to multi-century processes in high-throughput earth system models. PI: Z. Liu, (CoPI: J. Kutzbach, R. Jacob, C. Prentice), CCPP/DOE, $845,000, 09/04-08/07
　　Modeling climate evolution since the mid-Holocene. PI: Z. Liu, ESH/NSF, $458,000, 07/05-06/08
　　Non-hydrostatic effects on multi-scale coupling in rotating and stratified flows. PI: L. Smith (CoPI: Z. Liu, with LANL/DOE, PI: S. Kurien, CoPI: B. Wingate), Multi-scale Math. Res. & Edu./DOE, $891,000, 10/05-09/08
　　The role of Kuroshio and North Pacific decadal climate variability. PI: Qinyu Liu (China Ocean Univ). (CoPI: Z. Liu), Chinese Yen 1,200,000, 01/04-12/08, Chinese NSF
　　Uplifting Effect of Tibetan Plateau on global climate. PI: Zishen, An., Xiaodong Liu, (Earth Environment Institute, Chinese Academy of

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