摘要/Abstract

摘要： 转录失调是肿瘤发生的核心机制之一。近年来“超级增强子（super-enhancers，SEs）”一词被用来描述基因组中一个极度活跃的转录调节区域。SEs包含一系列复杂的序列成分，对于维持肿瘤细胞功能并促进致癌转录至关重要。SEs富含高密度的转录因子、辅因子及组蛋白修饰标志等。SEs这些组分可协同作用，使其具有比普通增强子更高的转录活性。该文阐述SEs的基本结构与功能、相分离凝集体的形成，探讨SEs驱动致癌转录的机制及拓扑相关结构域的形成及意义。
关键词: 超级增强子, 转录调控, 癌症, 相分离凝集体, 拓扑相关结构域
Abstract:
Transcriptional dysregulation is one of the core mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Recently, the term "super-enhancer" has been introduced to describe a hyperactive regulatory domain which comprises a complex array of sequence elements that are critical to maintain the identity of tumor cells and promot oncogenic transcription. Super-enhancers are highly occupied by transcriptional factors, co-activators and histone modifications. Cooperative interactions amongst these components make super-enhancers have higher transcriptional activity than typical enhancers. This article reviews basic structural and functional characteristics of super-enhancers, formation of the phase-separated condensates, the mechanisms of super-enhancer-driven oncogenesis, and the formation and significance of topologically associating domains.
Key words: super-enhancers (SEs), transcriptional regulation, cancer, phase-separated condensate, topologically associating domain


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