陀螺仪作为一种惯性测量器件，是惯性导航、惯性制导和惯性测量系统的核心部件，广泛应用于军事和民用领域。近廿年来，随着现代科学技术的发展，各种新型陀螺仪正逐步得到应用和完善，成为传统陀螺仪的竞争者。因此，掌握陀螺仪基本理论，学习新型陀螺仪原理及应用，是本专业研究生从事科学研究的基础。 本课程教学内容由三部分组成： （一）陀螺仪的基本理论，内容包括：陀螺力学基础（哥氏加速度、角动量定理和欧拉动力学方程、陀螺特性的力学解释）；陀螺仪运动方程和运动分析（用欧拉动力学方程建立完整方程、陀螺仪运动的技术方程和进动方程，用动静法建立技术方程）；坐标系及其变换；陀螺仪的漂移及其测试； （二）典型陀螺仪器（包括陀螺罗经、陀螺找北仪、陀螺地平仪、平台罗经、速率陀螺仪和积分陀螺仪等）的工作原理； （三）新型陀螺仪（包括静电陀螺仪、激光陀螺仪、光纤陀螺仪、半球谐振陀螺仪、挠性陀螺仪、微机械陀螺仪等）的原理及应用。 要求在学习陀螺仪基本理论的基础上，掌握典型陀螺仪器的基本工作原理，并对新型陀螺仪的结构组成、工作原理、误差分析和应用特点等有比较全面的了解。

The gyroscope, one kind of inertial sensors, is the hard core of inertial navigation systems, inertial guidance systems, and inertial measurement systems. It has been used widely in military and civilian fields. In recent 20 years, with the development of science and technology, new-type gyroscopes have been improved greatly, and they have found more and more applications. They have become near rivals of conventional gyroscopes. Therefore, it is demanded for the graduates majoring in navigation, guidance and control to master the fundamental theory of gyroscopes and study the operating principles and applications of new-type gyroscopes, which are the basis of the research on navigation and guidance.This course consists of three parts : A.The fundamental theory of gyroscopes. a.Kinematics and dynamics of gyroscopes, consisting of Coriolis acceleration, theorem of angular momentum, Euler’s dynamical equations, dynamical explanation of gyroscopes’ properties. b.Gyroscopes’ motion equations, including the complete equations, technical equations and precession equations derived from Euler’s dynamical equations, and the technical equations derived from static vs. dynamic method. c.Analysis of gyroscopes’ motion. d.Coordinate systems and their mutual transformation. e.Gyroscope drift and its measurement. B.Principle of typical gyroscope instruments, such as gyro compass, gyro north finder, gyro horizon, platform compass, rate gyroscope and integrating gyroscope. C.Principles and applications of new-type gyroscpes, such as electrically suspended gyro (ESG), ring laser gyroscope (RLG), fiber optical gyroscope (FOG), hemispherical resonator gyro (HRG), dynamically tuned gyroscope (DTG) and micro inertial sensors. It is expected to master the fundamentals of typical gyro instruments, after studying the basic theory of gyroscopes. It is also demanded to understand the structure components, principles, error analysis, and applications of the new-type gyroscopes.