摘要/Abstract

利用共价自组装的方法，将刚性组装基元与柔性链在一定条件下进行横向交联，可以方便地制备出单层高分子纳米胶囊.相比于传统的非共价超分子囊泡，这种新型的共价纳米胶囊具有结构稳定、尺度可控且分散性优异等诸多优点.因此，如何利用化学合成的手段来制备新型的纳米胶囊，并进一步实现对其结构调控和性能的探究具有十分重要的意义.针对这些问题，分别发展了功能化的柱[5]芳烃、四苯乙烯、卟啉、三嗪、苯硼酸酐等不同类型构筑基元，并使之与两端具有活性位点的柔性烷基链在适当的溶剂中进行聚合反应，最终获得了一系列的共价纳米胶囊.通过对其结构的修饰和调控，发现这些功能化的高分子纳米胶囊在光捕获、人工酶、抗菌材料以及药物载体等领域具有诸多潜在应用价值.未来，新型共价高分子纳米胶囊的开发、功能化以及应用有望得到进一步的拓展.
关键词: 共价交联, 单分子层, 纳米胶囊, 结构调控, 功能化
Monomolecular layer polymeric nanocapsules can be easily prepared by the covalent self-assembly of the horizontal cross-linking of rigid building blocks and flexible cross-linker under certain conditions. Compared with the traditional noncovalent supramolecular vesicles, this new type of covalently self-assembled polymeric nanocapsules possess many advantages such as stable structure, controllable size, and excellent dispersibility. Therefore, it is of great significance to fabricate new covalent nanocapsules by means of chemical synthesis to realize their structural control and application exploration. Focusing on these problems, we have developed functionalized pillar[5]arene, tetraphenyl ethylene, porphyrin, triazine, phenylboronic anhydride, etc. to serve as basic building blocks, which were polymerized by flexible alkyl linkers to finally obtain the covalently cross-linked polymeric nanocapsules. Through the structural modification and regulation, we found the functionalized polymeric nanocapsules showed potential application in the field of light harvesting, artificial enzyme, antimicrobial and drug delivery. In the future, more application fields of the covalent polymeric nanocapsules are expected to be further explored.
Key words: covalent cross-linking, monomolecular layer, nanocapsule, structural regulation, functionalization


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