摘要/Abstract

近年来，消化熟化方法已经被广泛采用来制备单分散纳米粒子，特别是在制备亚10 nm的小尺寸纳米粒子方面具有显著优势.但是，目前国内尚未发现关于此方法的中文文献报道，影响了部分国内****对消化熟化方法的认识和应用.因此，从纳米尺度的消化熟化现象的发现过程和机理的提出开始，分析了沉淀反应前驱物、消化熟化剂种类、热处理温度和时间、溶剂类型以及其他因素对消化熟化现象的影响，介绍了基于颗粒表面带电与曲率效应、颗粒表面与配体分子层的相互作用以及消化熟化过程中的竞争反应平衡等因素的理论模型和研究结果，阐述了消化熟化法在制备金属纳米粒子、合金纳米粒子、金属氧化物和硫族化合物量子点以及其他纳米粒子等单分散纳米材料中的应用，最后展望了消化熟化法制备的单分散纳米粒子在纳米组装和多相催化等领域的应用.
关键词: 纳米粒子, 消化熟化, 单分散, 机理, 自组装
Recently, a digestive ripening process at nanoscale has been widely used to prepare monodisperse nanoparticles (NPs), especially for sub-10 nm small NPs, with significant advantages such as the very narrow size distribution of the obtained nanoparticles, the versatile applications for various nanoparticles and the simple operation process. However, no Chinese references are reported on digestive ripening process till now, which may limit the cognition and utility of digestive ripening method for some domestic scientists. Thus, this review starts from the discovery of the phenomenon and the proposal of mechanism for digestive ripening at nanoscale, to the analysis of influence factors including the precursor in the precipitation reaction, the digestive ripening reagent, heating treatment temperature and processing time, solvent media and so on. Then, theoretical hypothesis and the derived results are introduced based on the charged surface, the curvature effect, the interaction between NP surface and attached ligand layer, the diffusion effect and the competing reaction balance in the digestive ripening process. Subsequently, the important applications of digestive ripening method in the preparation of monodisperse nanomaterials of metal NPs, alloy NPs, quantum dots of metal oxide and metal chalcogenide, and other NPs are discussed, the obtained small metal or alloy NPs show a perfect sphere shape and a very narrow size distribution (relative standard deviation less than ±5%). Finally, the broad perspectives are proposed in the NP assembly for optical, electric and magnetic nanodevices, and the heterogeneous catalysis of monodisperse metal, alloy and semiconducotr NPs via the digestive ripening method.
Key words: nanoparticles, digestive ripening, monodisperse, mechanism, self-assembly


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