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HYDRO-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

(Bimonthly)

Feb. 2015 No.1 (Total No.149)
CONTENTS
Importance evaluation and weak link analysis for members of overhead vertical wharfs located at inland rivers¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­LIU Ming-wei, LI Peng-fei, CHEN Gang, WENG Zhen-yan(1)

2D numerical simulation of breach area and coupling simulation of dam-breach flood

¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­YANG Zhi, FENG Ming-quan(8)

Experimental study of distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology for measuring leakage in embankment dam

¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ HE Ning, DING Yong, WU Yu-long, ZHOU Yan-zhang, LI Deng-hua, HE Bin(20)

Experimental studies on time effect of shearing characteristics of steel-soil interface

¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ LIANG Yue, CHU Hao, LU Xiao-zhi, ZENG Chao(28)

Design of dynamic model test for offshore substation platform

¡­¡­ FU Liang-ming, ZHONG Yao, LUO Cheng-xi, LIU Xiao-song, SUN Jin-long, LIU De-cai(33)

River channel process of Huanglingmiao-Nanjinguan river reach

¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ ZHOU Yin-jun, WANG Jun, XU Yu-ping, QIAN Sheng(38)

Feasibility study of scour depth determination based on lateral soil pressure measurement

¡­¡­¡­¡­ DING Yong, YAO Qing-xiong, GUAN Yun-fei, ZHANG Zhen-dong, YAN Teng-teng(47)

Tidal regime and impacts of works in Xinghua bay on hydrodynamics

¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­TONG Chao-feng, WANG Jun-jie, ZHANG Qing(53)

Hydraulic characteristics of parabolic channels

¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ ZHANG Zhi-chang, JIA Bin, LI Ruo-bing, YANG Huan(61)

Analysis of transverse dynamic response for aqueduct structure¡­¡­¡­ FENG Chao, DU Ying-ji(68)

Dynamic strength criterion of concrete based on Ottosen model under multi-axial stress

¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­JIANG Pei-qing, WANG Li-cheng(74)

Framework suggestion on beneficial use of dredged material at the Shanghai reach of Yangtze River

¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ZHAO De-zhao, YANG Yi-jian(82)

A study of engineering characteristics of hydraulic filled mud from Xuanmen third stage construction in Yuhuan of Zhejiang Province

¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­XU Kai, FAN Ming-qiao, LIN Sheng-fa, FU Guan-jie, WEI Yan-bing(89)

Impacts of Shenzhen-Zhongshan bridge project on hydrodynamic environment of Pearl River estuary

¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ CHENJing, MO Si-ping, XU Qun(96)

Advances in studies of tailing dam break mechanism and process

¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ZHAO Tian-long, CHEN Sheng-shui, ZHONG Qi-ming(105)
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Importance evaluation and weak link analysis for members of

overhead vertical wharfs located at inland rivers

LIU Ming-wei^1,2, LI Peng-fei^1,2, CHEN Gang^1,2, WENG Zhen-yan³

(1. National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; 2. Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education on Hydraulic & Water Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; 3. Fujian Tendering Corporation, Fuzhou 350002,China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º As all-vertical-piled frame wharfs not only have large capacity but also are able to adapt to the conditions of large water level difference. Such wharfs are widely used in construction of ports located at southwest mountain rivers. However, this kind of structure has so many members and the force condition is so complicated that it is hard to determine the force transmission route and weak links of the members. A method for evaluating importance, which is based on generalized stiffness, is applied in calculating importance factors of wharf members, under the situation of only ship load and combined load, separately, and analyzing force transmission route and weak links. The analysis results indicate that piles are more important than beams. Generally, the upper members of the piles are less important than the lower members, and the importance of beams is related to the impact location of ships. According to importance factors, there are five weak links in the inland river wharfs: the front piles, piles located in back row, the front beam of the top layer, and the rear and front nodes of the bottom bent frame. So, enough safety stock for the above weak links should be reserved in design. The force transmission route of the frame wharf is mainly constituted by the outmost members. The research results will provide a reference basis for structure optimization of the frame wharfs.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º all-vertical-piled frame wharf; importance evaluation; weak link; force transmission route
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2D numerical simulation of breach area and coupling simulation of dam-breach flood

YANG Zhi, FENG Ming-quan

(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic Engineering of Northwest Arid Area in Shaanxi, Xi¡äan University of Technology, Xi¡äan 710048, China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º Based on the breach process of the clay-core wall sandy dam, as well as the characteristics of dam breach flood propagation and movement, the 2-D numerical simulation of breach area and the coupling simulation of the dam-breach flood of Heihe Jinpen reservoir dam are presented in this paper. The method of DAMBRK is used to calculate gradual dam breach, and the results of DAMBRK model are used in the following simulation. A one-dimensional model is solved by the Abbott-Ionescu six points implicit finite difference scheme. The unit centered finite volume method is adopted to solve a two-dimensional model equation. To achieve the coupling of 1-D and 2-D model, the lateral connections are used to connect the level calculation points and the two-dimensional grid unit of both sides of Heihe River. The 2-D model is developed to calculate and simulate the breach area. The instantaneous water depth and the velocity distribution of the calculation region are given by the 2-D model. Taking the flood with frequency of 0.01% for example, the simulating results, such as water level and discharge process of each cross-section within the one-dimensional river course and water depth profile, velocity vector diagram and submerged range changing process of two-dimensional computational domain are presented by the coupling simulation. The formation process of the breach area includes not only the direct effects of overtopping flow, but also the anti-erosion effect of the spiral flow on both sides in the process of breach. Both flows change inner river and flood evolution of the calculation area in the outer river, which could be simultaneously taken into account by the coupling simulation. In conclusion, the adverse effects from wasting flood resources and the inappropriate flood protection measures which are brought by too large or too small calculation results have been reduced. In engineering practice, for complex river network region, it is recommended to apply the coupling model in calculation in order to improve simulation accuracy.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º breach area; 2-D simulation; dam break flood routing; lateral connection; coupling simulation
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Experimental study of distributed optical fiber temperature measurement

technology for measuring leakage in embankment dam

HE Ning¹, DING Yong², WU Yu-long², ZHOU Yan-zhang¹, LI Deng-hua¹, HE Bin¹

(1. Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029,China; 2. Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094,China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º The technology of temperature measurement by distributed optic fiber is introduced in this paper. By laboratory tests and field tests, comparison and selection of distributed temperature measurement optic fiber, analysis of its accuracy and stability, monitoring and analyzing leakage in the embankment dam using distributed optic fiber, comparing with conventional monitoring technology, and it¡äs engineering applications are carried out. Based on these tests, the feasibility of and applicability to the monitor of the leakage in the embankment dam using distributed optic fiber are discussed. The technology of temperature measurement by distributed Raman optic fiber, whose sensitivity of temperature is ¡À0.5 ¡æ, is feasible in monitoring leakage in the embankment dam using temperature gradient analysis method and heating method. Comparing with the results measured by conventional monitoring technology, the accuracy of data measured by distributed Raman optic fiber and its reliability of monitoring leakage in the embankment dam have been verified. Monitoring leakage in the embankment dam using distributed optic fiber has obvious advantages, such as distributedness, long range and anti-interference.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º technology of temperature measurement by distributed optic fiber; embankment dam; leakage; laboratory tests; filed tests
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Experimental studies on time effect of shearing characteristics of steel-soil interface

LIANG Yue^1,2, CHU Hao^1,3, LU Xiao-zhi^1,3, ZENG Chao^1,3

(1. National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074£¬ China£» 2. Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering£¬ Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China£» 3. School of River and Ocean Engineering£¬ Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º The time effect of the steel and soil interface is significant for study of the bearing capacity of the rock-socketed filling pile with steel tube. On the basis of summarizing the research findings of predecessors and by improving the indoor direct shear tests, a study is made of the shear properties of steel and soil interface which are influenced by preloading time. The preloading time is designed as 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 17, 24 and 48 h in the tests and different preloading time is explored under the conditions of the steel-soil interface with relationships of the shear stress-strain which is affected by different normal stresses. Relationships between the shear stress and horizontal displacement, and the shear strength along with the change of interface preloading time are analyzed by the introduction of Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion. The shear stress is increased to a stable value with the increasing horizontal displacement; with the preloading time increasing,the friction angle and cohesive force increase, and after a certain period of time£¬ tend to be stable. The limit of the steel-soil interface shear strength is not only related to the normal stress on the interface, but also related to the interface of the preloading time. Limiting shear stress increases with the increase of preloading time obviously; when the normal stress is lesser, the interface timing of the ultimate shear stress is more obvious.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º contact interface between soil and steel; shearing characteristics; time effect; bearing capacity; ultimate shear strength; pile foundation engineering
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Design of dynamic model test for offshore substation platform

FU Liang-ming¹, ZHONG Yao¹, LUO Cheng-xi¹, LIU Xiao-song¹, SUN Jin-long², LIU De-cai²

(1. Powerchina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410014, China£»2. Datang Shandong Power Generation Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266061, China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º The design and safety evaluation system of offshore substation platform should be established to satisfy the developing requirement of large-scale offshore wind farm. It¡äs availability can be verified by model test. Combining the elastic similarity and Froude similarity, the hydro-elastic similarity can be obtained. Based on it, the similar relations among the parameters can be obtained so as to help finishing the design of dynamic model of an offshore substation platform. In the model test, the hydro-elastic similarity is used to ensure the similarity relation of dynamic characteristics and wave loads between prototype and model. Also, the Newton similarity is employed to fulfill the similarity relationship of the ice loads. Using SACS, the finite element models of offshore substation prototype and model are established to analyze the structural responses and dynamic characteristics of them. Compared with the numerical results of prototype and mode test, the hydro-elastic similarity is validated.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º offshore substation platform; hydroelasticity similarity; elastic similarity law; Froude similarity; Newton similarity law; dynamic model test
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River channel process of Huanglingmiao-Nanjinguan river reach

ZHOU Yin-jun^1,2, WANG Jun^1,2, XU Yu-ping³, QIAN Sheng¹

(1. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China£» 2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Geo-Hazards and Eco-environment in Three Gorges Area, Yichang 443002, China£» 3. Chongqing Surveying and Design Institute of Water Resources, Electric Power and Architecture, Chongqing 400020, China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º With the new demands of the 12th Five-Year Plan, in terms of navigation, reservoir operation and ecology, new river regulation works for the reach from the Three Gorges dam to the Gezhouba dam are required. So it is very important to recognize the evolution of the river in the recent years. Based on the measured data since the Gezhouba dam was operated, the river channel process between two dams in recent more than 30 years is analyzed. From 1979 to 1983, the river reach silted obviously; from 1983 to 1998, the siltation process slowed down considerably. After 1998, erosion of bed was beginning, in particular, since the operation of the Three Gorges dam in 2003. The deep channel was eroded remarkably in the cross section, along the longitudinal direction, Letianxi and Nanjinguan river reach were eroded mostly, and the middle reach was in a stable condition. Since 2008, the erosion of bed has become slow. In the past 30 years, the river bed was scoured after deposition and became balanced gradually, and the river regime was stable. After the operation of the Three Gorges dam, there was no clear relationship between the reach channel process and sediment condition, but it was influenced distinctly by the flood. The Three Gorges reservoir will continue to test operation, and will gradually enter the normal operation period, the river reach between the two dams will be not easily deposited, slight siltation will be extremely possible, and the river regime and the most part of the channel will be relatively stable.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º Gezhouba hydroproject; Three Gorges hydroproject; river channel process; erosion and deposition; river regime analysis
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Feasibility study of scour depth determination based on lateral soil pressure measurement

DING Yong^1,2, YAO Qing-xiong¹, GUAN Yun-fei², ZHANG Zhen-dong³, YAN Teng-teng¹

(1.Department of Civil Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; 2. Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; 3. School of Civil Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005,China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º In view of safety aspects of hydraulic structures and waterways caused by erosion and siltation, underwater mud silting monitoring has become an important task in structural health monitoring. This paper introduces feasibility study of the scour depth determination based on lateral soil pressure measurement. Sensors which are made of FBG are used as the sensing element, whose front side is under soil pressure, and back side is under the water pressure. It can accurately monitor the lateral soil pressure by measuring the front and back pressure difference. The pressure in the horizontal direction is only water pressure in water, while it consists of lateral earth pressure and pore water pressure in soil. Therefore, it can calculates the scour and siltation depth according to the measured values given by the sensor probes placed at different depths and positions. The method can do feedback of erosion and siltation of the hydraulic structures in time during calculating analysis, and provide reliable data for the safe operation of hydraulic structures.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º change in scour and siltation depth; lateral soil pressure; sensor; fiber Bragg grating
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Tidal regime and impacts of works in Xinghua bay on hydrodynamics

TONG Chao-feng^1,2, WANG Jun-jie², ZHANG Qing²

(1. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098,China; 2. College of Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098,China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º The Xinghua bay, located in the west of Taiwan Strait, has a large scale of reclamation and dredging works which will directly have impacts on the hydrodynamic environment. Based on the hydrological measurement data of February 2009, studies of characteristics of tidal level, current field and residential field with and without works are conducted by using the method of tidal harmonic analysis and current harmonic analysis, and a tidal flow mathematical model. As the analysis results show, in the Xinghua bay, the tide is a regular semidiurnal tide with subtle shoaling while the tidal current is a regular semidiurnal shallow current. From the outside to inside, the tide wave which is composed of stable direction tides of the Xinghua waterway and Nanri waterway has some characteristics of the standing wave, and the spring tide is dominants in the Xinghua waterway while the ebb is dominant in the Nanri waterway. After completion of works, the forecast tidal process lines of July 2013 based on the harmonic constants are in good agreement with the observational ones, and at the same time the characteristics of tide and current are kept the same. Velocities within the harbor and channel increase slightly. The tide fluxs of both the Xinghua waterway cross section and Nanri waterway cross section decrease, as well as the tidal prisms. And the Eulerian residual current field remains unchanged in the whole bay while the vortexes in the entrance areas are strengthened.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º Xinghua bay; tide and tidal current; harmonic analyses; hydrodynamic characteristics; flux of tidal current
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Hydraulic characteristics of parabolic channels

ZHANG Zhi-chang, JIA Bin, LI Ruo-bing, YANG Huan

(Xi¡¯an University of Technology£¬ Xi¡¯an 710048 China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º The general method for calculating wetted perimeter, normal depth, critical depth, the Froude number and conjugate depth of hydraulic jump of n-th parabolic channel is presented in this paper. The studies of the wetted perimeter of n-th parabolic channel are carried out by integral or numerical integration, the normal depth of n-th parabolic channel is analysed according to the theory of the open channel uniform flow, a computing method of the critical depth, the Froude number and the conjugate depth of hydraulic jump of n-th parabolic channel are studied based on the theory of critical depth and the conjugate depth of the hydraulic jump. The general computing formulas of the wetted perimeter, normal depth and critical depth, the Froude number and the conjugate depth of the hydraulic jump of n-th parabolic channel are given, the iterative formula of the conjugate depth is given and the convergence of an iterative formula is proved, and examples for verification of the formulas are presented. The research of the general method for calculating the wetted perimeter, normal depth, critical depth, the Froude number and the conjugate depth of hydraulic jump of n-th parabolic channel with a simple calculation process and a high calculation precision can provide a reference for practical engineering design.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º n-th parabolic channel; normal water depth; critical depth of water; Froude number; conjugate depth of jump; hydraulic chracteristics
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Analysis of transverse dynamic response for aqueduct structure

FENG Chao, DU Ying-ji

(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling 712100,China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º For safety appraisal of an aqueduct, an ANSYS three-dimensional finite element model of a single-span aqueduct structure has been developed with design water level and without water. The fluid-solid interaction Housner model is selected to simulate the interaction between water and the aqueduct wall and different pier heights of the aqueduct are set: 8.3 m, 10.3 m, 12.3 m, 14.3 m respectively. The dynamic response of the aqueduct structure under different pier heights (stress, displacement, velocity) based on modal analysis and dynamic analysis is observed. Analysis results show that the natural vibration frequencies of the aqueduct structure under the design water level are less than those without water. With increase of the pier height of the aqueduct, the frequencies of the structure show the trend of decrease; the dynamic response values of the key points of the top of the pier, the mid-span and the top of the mid-span have the tendency of increase; however, the dynamic response values of the different position of the aqueduct structure are different, therefore, the dynamic response values of the high-pier aqueduct is generally greater than that of the short-pier aqueduct under the practical conditions of earthquake.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º aqueduct; finite element method; dynamic response; piers height; fluid-solid interaction; earthquake action
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Dynamic strength criterion of concrete based on Ottosen model under multi-axial stress

JIANG Pei-qing, WANG Li-cheng

(State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024,China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º Due to the characteristic of the rate sensitive material, the changing mechanism of strength and stiffness of concrete structure under various strain rates are different. In addition to the complex stress state where concrete structure is subjected to dynamic loading such as earthquake, the effect of the strain rate is an important factor that can not be ignored. If projects are designed and calculated with strength theories of uniaxial tension, compression and shear, there will have great potential dangers in the construction and use of structure. Based on the Ottosen criterion model, in the present paper, by analysis of multiaxial static and dynamic strength test data of numerous concrete specimens, which are classified into different strength grades, a multiaxial dynamic strength criterion is reasonably established, in which both the strain rate effect and the strength of concrete are taken into account. The analysis results show that the predicted strength of the failure criterion is in good agreement with the basic requirements of continuity, smoothness and convexity and better reflects the dynamic strength change rule of ordinary concrete. Meanwhile, the strength criterion can be obtained just by the typical stress points, thus it has a simple expression form and is convenient for practical application to analysis of engineering structures.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º concrete; Ottosen model; typical stress points; strain rate; dynamic strength criterion
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Framework suggestion on beneficial use of dredged material at the Shanghai reach of Yangtze River

ZHAO De-zhao¹, YANG Yi-jian²

(1. Shanghai Estuarine and Coastal Science Research Center, Shanghai 201201,China; 2. Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200120,China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º The dredged material is a valuable resource derived from hydraulic engineering and waterway engineering. At the Shanghai reach of the Yangtze River, beneficial use of the dredged material from port and navigation channel is the common expectation of water departments under the new situation of declining sediment discharge from upstream, shortage of sand resources and limitation of ocean dumping sites in the estuary. Based on the investigated data collected from engineering field, beneficial use of the dredged material at the Shanghai reach of the Yangtze River has achieved a historic leap from nothing to something in recent 10 years, and the quantity of the dredged material from the Yangtze estuary deepwater navigation channel used for land reclamation is considerable. But at the same time, there are lots of realistic problems such as simple use of the dredged material, low ratio of utilization, and imperfect system. For the purpose of further improving the utilization level of the dredged material at the Shanghai reach of the Yangtze River, some framework suggestions are as follows: strengthening the research and development of key techniques, speeding up the transformation of utilization mode of the dredged material, and increasing the innovation of related systems and mechanism.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º dredged material£»beneficial use of the dredged material; Shanghai reach of the Yangtze River; framework suggestions
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A study of engineering characteristics of hydraulic filled mud from

Xuanmen third stage construction in Yuhuan of Zhejiang Province

XU Kai¹, FAN Ming-qiao¹, LIN Sheng-fa¹, FU Guan-jie², WEI Yan-bing^1,2

(1. Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029,China; 2. College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098,China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º The causes, composition, physical and mechanical characteristics of the hydraulicly filled mud are quite different for reclamation projects in various regions. The physical characteristics of the hydraulicly filled mud are studied by soil tests in laboratory, and studies of the sedimentation behavior of the hydraulicly filled mud are carried out by cylinder deposition tests, and the change behavior of strength and permeability of the hydraulicly filled mud with different water contents and void ratios are studied by laboratory tests, and the distribution behavior of water content and strength of the hydraulicly filled mud with different depths are studied by field tests. The analysis results show that: in the sedimentation experiments, the settlement speed is fast in the early (t£¼118 h) sedimentation due to the soil self-weight settlements, and the settlements, density, water content and void ratios change obviously. The hydraulicly filled mud in saline water settles faster than that in the fresh water, and the effect on accelerating settlement rate of the hydraulicly filled mud is not obvious by adding dispersant or flocculant. A good correlation relationship is obtained between mud strength or permeability and water contents or void ratios by semi-logarithmic ordinate representing mud strength and permeability. The water content decreases with depth, and the strength increases with depth. Change in water content and strength with depth is a little bit under different self-weight consolidation conditions in shallow layer, but more significant in deep layer.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º hydraulicly filled mud£»engineering characteristics£»sedimentary behavior£»strength£»permeability£»water content
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Impacts of Shenzhen-Zhongshan bridge project on hydrodynamic environment of Pearl River estuary

CHEN Jing, MO Si-ping, XU Qun

(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029,China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º The Shenzhen-Zhongshan sea-crossing bridge connects the cities of Shenzhen and Zhongshan, across the ¡°three shoals and two deep troughs¡± in the Pearl River estuary. A lot of piers and large-scale artificial islands in the water area will have impacts on the hydrodynamic environment of the Lingdingyang estuary, the inner part of the Pearl River estuary. In this research, the physical model for the bridge is built to analyze the impacts of the project on the hydrodynamic environment of the Lingdingyang estuary. The experimental results show that: the scheme A2 has the greatest impacts on the sea level, the others take the second place; the changes in sea level and flow field are sensible near the artificial island and the main piers; the impacts of the artificial island on the hydrodanamic environment are the greatest, the impacts of the ventilation shafts, anchorage, king tower, towers located on the Lingdingyang sea area take the second place; there will be no great changes near the non-navigable bridge pier; and the the area 5,000 m away from the bridge has a tiny change. Overall, the Shenzhen-Zhongshan project has little impacts on the Lingdingyang estuary. Based on this research and other previous researches, experts have unanimously recommended that the scheme A3 (a bridge across the Lingdingyang waterway combined with the Fanshi submerged tunnel) should be taken as a reasonable and feasible scheme.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º Lingdingyang estuary; Shenzhen-Zhongshan bridge; physical model; hydrodynamics environment
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Advances in studies of tailing dam break mechanism and process

ZHAO Tian-long, CHEN Sheng shui, ZHONG Qi-ming

(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029,China)
£Á£â£ó£ô£ò£á£ã£ô£º The tailing ponds in our country are not only great in quantity, but also distributed widely, and countless security and eco-environmental accidents caused by the tailing ponds not only make a serious threat to the national public security, but also restrict China¡äs economic and social development in some ways. Therefore, studies of the mechanism and process of the tailing dam break would be of great significance to the disaster prevention and mitigation for the tailings ponds inChina. In this paper, the difference and connection between the tailing dams and the water retaining dams in the mechanism and process of dam break are analyzed and compared, and the characteristics of the tailing dams are summarized in the aspects of dam body form filling ways, and dam material composition and failure mechanism, and the research achievements acquired in recent years are introduced systematically. Deficiency in research is also pointed out, and suggestions for further development in this research field proposed. In short, safety of the tailing dams is still a serious problem inChina, and basic theoretical research is relatively weak. In view of the fact that mechanism of the tailing dam break is not clear and too many findings of earth-rock dam break are used in the analysis of the tailing dam break, it is necessary to carry out more experiments on the tailing dam break, so as to explore the mechanism of the break fundamentally.
£Ë£å£ù¡¡£÷£ï£ò£ä£ó£º tailing dam; failure mechanism; process of dam break hazard; advances in experimental research