Prof. Anna Lee(李煥坤)
BPharm, Dip Hosp Clin Pharm, MPH, PhD, FACE, SFHEA

Professor and Head of Graduate Division
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
The Chinese University of Hong Kong


My current research interests are in health services research, complementary medicine, postoperative ICU delirium, patient education and systematic reviews in anaesthesia and intensive care. I am currently an editor in the Cochrane Anaesthesia, Critical and Emergency Care Group and a guest reviewer for JAMA, Annals of Internal Medicine and other top tier journals in anaesthesia, critical care medicine and public health.

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Publications:
For details about citations arising from my publications and links to online versions of some of the publications, refer to:
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/B-2773-2009(Researcher ID:B-2773-2009)



2021

Lai VKW, Ho KM, Wong WWT, Leung P, Gomersall CD, Underwood MJ, Joynt GM, Lee A. Effect of preoperative education and ICU tour on patient and family satisfaction and anxiety in the intensive care unit after elective cardiac surgery: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Qual Saf. 2021;30:228-235.


Yau DKW, Underwood MJ, Joynt GM, Lee A. Effect of preparative rehabilitation on recovery after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2021;64:101391


Lee A, Yau DKW, Ng FF, Underwood MJ, Joynt GM. Relative survival in adults with new delirium, cerebrovascular events or both after cardiac surgery: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2021;38:558-560.


Roberts JA, Joynt G, Lee A, Choi G, Bellomo R, Kanji S, Mudaliar MY, Peake SL, Stephens D, Taccone FS, Ulldemolins M, Valkonen MM, Agbeve J, Baptista JP, Bekos V, Boidin C, Brinkmann A, Buizen L, Castro P, Cole CL, Creteur J, De Waele JJ, Deans R, Eastwood GM, Escobar L, Gomersall C, Gresham R, Jamal JA, Kluge S, K?nig C, Koulouras VP, Lassig-Smith M, Laterre PF, Lei K, Leung P, Lefrant JY, Llauradó-Serra M, Martin-Loeches I, Mat Nor MB, Ostermann M, Parker SL, Rello J, Roberts DM, Roberts MS, Richards B, Rodríguez A, Roehr AC, Roger C, Seoane L, Sinnollareddy M, Sousa E, Soy D, Spring A, Starr T, Thomas J, Turnidge J, Wallis SC, Williams T, Wittebole X, Zikou XT, Paul S, Lipman J. The effect of renal replacement therapy and antibiotic dose on antibiotic concentrations in critically ill patients: Data from the multinational SMARRT Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72:1369-78.


Leung CHC, Lee A, Arabi YM, Phua J, Divatia JV, Koh Y, Du B, Tan CC, Palo JEM, Burns KEA, Kim TH, Egi M, Faruq MO, Shrestha BR, Liu SF, Nguyen TD, Wahjuprajitno B, Hashmi M, Patjanasoontorn B, Latif Z, Indraratna K, Al Rahma HN, Hashemian SMR, Gomersall CD. Mechanical Ventilation Discontinuation Practices in Asia: A Multinational Survey. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2021;18:1352-1359. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202008-968OC.


Cheng YH, Yeung CY, Sharma A, So KY, Ko HF, Wong K, Lam P, Lee A. Non-resuscitative first aid training and assessment for junior secondary school students: a pre-post study. Medicine 2021;100:e27051.


Yan X, Tse AHW, Lee A, Zhang L, Yang M, Zuo Z, Joynt GM. Protein Binding and Population Pharmacokinetics of Dexmedetomidine after Prolonged Infusions in Adult Critically Ill Patients. Clin Ther. 2021 Jul 22:S0149-2918(21)00234-4. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.06.004. Epub ahead of print.






2020

Liu YZ, Chu R, Lee A, Gomersall CD, Zhang L, Gin T, Chan MTV, Wu WKK, Ling L. A surveillance method to identify patients with sepsis from electronic health records in hong kong: A single centre retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis. 2020 September 07;20(1):652.


Chan AKM, Nickson CP, Rudolph JW, Lee A, Joynt GM. Social media for rapid knowledge dissemination: Early experience from the COVID-19 pandemic. Anaesthesia. 2020 December 01;75(12):1579-82.


So KY, Ko HF, Tsui CSY, Yeung CY, Chu YC, Lai VKW, Lee A. Brief compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator course for secondary school students: A multischool feasibility study. BMJ Open. 2020 October 21;10(10):e040469-040469.


Ngan Kee WD, Lee SWY, Ng FF, Lee A. Norepinephrine or phenylephrine during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery: A randomised double-blind pragmatic non-inferiority study of neonatal outcome. Br J Anaesth. 2020 Oct;125(4):588-95.


Weatherall A, Poynter E, Garner A, Lee A. Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring in a pre-hospital trauma patient cohort: An analysis of successful signal collection. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2020 Jan;64(1):117-23.


Balian F, Garner AA, Weatherall A, Lee A. First experience with the abdominal aortic and junctional tourniquet in prehospital traumatic cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2020 November 01;156:210-4.


Garner AA, Bennett N, Weatherall A, Lee A. Success and complications by team composition for prehospital paediatric intubation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2020 April 15;24(1):149.




2019

Yau DKW, Wong MKH, Wong WT, Gin T, Underwood MJ, Joynt GM, Lee A. PREhabilitation for improving QUality of recovery after ELective cardiac surgery (PREQUEL) study: protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019;9:e027974.

Roth D, Pace NL, Lee A, Hovhannisyan K, Warenits AM, Arrich J, Herkner H. Bedside tests for predicting difficult airways: an abridged Cochrane diagnostic test accuracy review. Anaesthesia 2019;74:915-928.

Weatherall A, Gill M, Mulligan J, Harris C, Garner A, Lee A. Comparison of portable blood warming devices under simulated prehospital conditions: a randomised in-vitro blood circuit study. Anaesthesia 2019;74:1026-1032.

Lai VKW, Li JCH, Lee A. Psychometric validation of Chinese Patient- and Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit questionnaires. J Crit Care 2019;54:58-64.

Yang M, Tse AHW, Lee A, Joynt GM, Zuo Z. Large inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine and its two major N-glucuronides in adult intensive care unit patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019;175:112777

Joynt GM, Gopalan PD, Argent A, Chetty S, Wise R, Lai VKW, Hodgson E, Lee A, Joubert I, Mokgokong S, Tshukutsoane S, Richards GA, Menzes C, Mathivha LR, Espen B, Levy B, Asante K, Paruk F. The Critical Care Society of Southern Africa Consensus Statement on ICU Triage and Rationing (ConICTri). S Afr Med J 2019;109:613-29.

Joynt GM, Gopalan PD, Argent A, Chetty S, Wise R, Lai VKW, Hodgson E, Lee A, Joubert I, Mokgokong S, Tshukutsoane S, Richards GA, Menzes C, Mathivha LR, Espen B, Levy B, Asante K, Paruk F. The Critical Care Society of Southern Africa Consensus Guideline on ICU Triage and Rationing (ConICTri). S Afr Med J 2019;109:630-42.

Joynt GM, Gopalan PD, Argent A, Chetty S, Wise R, Lai VKW, Hodgson E, Lee A, Joubert I, Mokgokong S, Tshukutsoane S, Richards GA, Menzes C, Mathivha LR, Espen B, Levy B, Asante K, Paruk F. The Critical Care Society of Southern Africa Consensus Statement on ICU Triage and Rationing (ConICTri). S Afr J Crit Care 2019; 35: 36-52.

Joynt GM, Gopalan PD, Argent A, Chetty S, Wise R, Lai VKW, Hodgson E, Lee A, Joubert I, Mokgokong S, Tshukutsoane S, Richards GA, Menzes C, Mathivha LR, Espen B, Levy B, Asante K, Paruk F. The Critical Care Society of Southern Africa Consensus Guidelines on ICU Triage and Rationing (ConICTri). S Afr J Crit Care 2019; 35: 53-65.

Garner AA, Bennett N, Weatherall A, Lee A. Physician staffed helicopter emergency medical services augment ground ambulance paediatric airway management in urban areas: a retrospective cohort study. Emerg Med J 2019; 36: 678-83.




2018

Smith A, Pace N,Lee A, Herkner H. Quality of evidence in Cochrane systematic reviews in anaesthesia, critical Care and emergency Medicine. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2018; 35: 627-8.

Tse AHW, Ling L,Lee A, Joynt GM. Altered pharmacokinetics in prolonged infusions of sedatives and analgesics among adult critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Ther 2018;40:1598-1615.

Lau LLN, Li CY,Lee A, Chan SKC.The use of 5% lidocaine medicated plaster for acute postoperative pain after gynecological surgery: a pilot randomized controlled feasibility trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97:e12582.
Roth D, Pace NL, Lee A, Hovhannisyan K, Warenits AM, Arrich J, Herkner H. Airway physical examination tests for detection of difficult airway management in apparently normal patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, Issue 5, Art. No.: CD008874. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008874.pub2.

Lee A, Mu JL, Chiu CH, Gin T, Underwood MJ, Joynt GM. Effect of delirium subtypes in the intensive care unit on risk of fast-track failure after cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018;155:268-75.e1.
Joynt GM, Wong WT, Ling L, Lee A. Medical students and professionalism – do the hidden curriculum and current role models fail our future doctors? Medical Teacher 2018; 40:395-399.




2017

Tse AHW, Ling L, Joynt GM,?Lee A. Prolonged infusion of sedatives and analgesics in adult intensive care patients: a systematic review of pharmacokinetic data reporting and quality of evidence. Pharmacological Research 2017;117:156-65.


Lee A, Mu JL, Joynt GM, Chiu CH, Lai VKW, Gin T, Underwood MJ. Risk prediction models for delirium in the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery: a systematic review and independent external validation. Br J Anaesth 2017;118:391-9.


Lee A, Cheung L, Joynt GM, Leung CCH, Wong WT, Gomersall CD. Are high nurse workload:staffing ratios associated with decreased survival in critically ill patients? A cohort study. Ann Intens Care Med 2017;7:46.



Leung Y, Cheng N, Chan CP,?Lee A, Wong, JK, Yan BP, Ahuja AT, Graham CA, Rainer TH. Early exclusion of major adverse cardiac events in emergency department chest pain patients: a prospective observational study. J Emerg Med 2017;53:287-294.


Hounsome J,?Lee A, Greenhalgh J, Lewis SR, Scholfield-Robinson O, Coldwell CH, Smith AF. A systematic review of information format and timing before schedules adult surgery for perioperative anxiety. Anaesthesia 2017;72:1265-72.


Karmakar MK, Samy W,?Lee A, Li JW, Chan CW, Chen PP, Tsui BCH,.?Survival analysis of breast cancer patients undergoing a modified radical mastectomy with or without a thoracic paravertebral block: a 5-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial Anticancer Res 2017;37:? 5813-5820.






2016

Aun CST, McBride C, Lee A, Lau ASC, Chung RCK, Yeung CK, Lai KYC, Gin T. Short-term changes in postoperative cognitive function in children aged 5 to 12 years undergoing general anaesthesia: a cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95:e3250.


Lai VKW, Lee A, Leung P, Chiu CH, Ho KM, Gomersall CD, Underwood MJ, Joynt GM. Patient and family satisfaction levels in the intensive care unit after elective cardiac surgery: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a preoperative patient education intervention. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011341.


Ling L, Gomersall CD, Samy W, Joynt GM, Leung CHC, Wong WT, Lee A. The effect of a freely available flipped classroom patient safety course on healthcare worker patient safety culture: a prospective controlled study. J Med Internet Res 2016;18:e180.


Garner AA, Lee A, Weatherall A, Langcake M, Balogh Z. Physician staffed helicopter emergency medical service case identification – a before and after study in children. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2016;24:92


Rainer TH, Leung YK, Lee A, Chan PY, Cheng NM, Wong JK, Yan BP, Ahuja AT, Graham CA. Add-on tests for improving risk-stratification in Emergency Department Patients with Chest Pain who are at Low to Moderate Risk of 30-day Major Adverse Cardiac Events. Int J Cardiol 2016;220:2229-306.


Milligan J, Lee A, Gill M, Weatherall A, Tetlow C, Garner A. Performance comparison of improvised prehospital blood warming techniques and a commercial blood warmer. Injury 2016;47:1824-7.


Lee A, Samy W, Chiu CH, Chan SKC, Gin T, Chui PT. Determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and a screening test for moderate to severe hypovitaminosis D in Chinese Patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2016;31:1921-26.




2015

Lee A, Chui PT, Chiu CH, Tan PE, Tam TP, Samy W, Tong PWY, Critchley LAH, Gin T. Risk of perioperative respiratory complications and postoperative morbidity in a cohort of adults exposed to passive smoking. Ann Surg 2015;261:297-303


Mu JL, Lee A, Joynt GM. Pharmacological agents for the prevention and treatment of delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2015;43:194-204.

Zhu F, Gomersall CD, Ng SK, Underwood MJ,?Lee A. A randomized controlled trial of Adaptive Support Ventilation mode to wean patients following fast-track cardiac valvular surgery. Anesthesiology 2015;122:832-40.


Lee A, Chan SKC, Samy W, Chiu CH, Gin T. Effect of hypovitaminosis D on postoperative pain outcomes and short-term health-related quality of life after joint arthroplasty: a cohort study. Medicine 2015;94:e1812

Lee A, Chan SKC, Fan LTY. Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point PC6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD003281. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003281.pub4



Lee A, Chan SKC, Fan LTY. Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point PC6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD003281. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003281.pub4





2014

Ngan Kee WD, Khaw KS, Ng KF, Ng K, So R, Lee A. Synergistic interaction between fentanyl and bupivacaine given intrathecally for labor analgesia. Anesthesiology 2014;120:1126-36


Karmakar MK, Samy W, Li JW, Lee A, Chan WC, Chen PP, Ho AMH. Thoracic paravertebral block and its effects on chronic pain and health-relate quality of life after modified radical mastectomy. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2014;39:289-98.

Lee A, Chiu CH, Cho MWA, Gomersall CD, Lee KF, Cheung YS, Lai PBS. Factors associated with failure of enhanced recovery protocol in patients undergoing major hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2014;4:e005330.

Weatherall A, Garner A, Lovell N, Redmond S, Lee A, Skowno J, Egan J. Study protocol for the PHANTOM study: prehospital assessment of noninvasive tissue oximetry monitoring. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2014;22:57

Pace NL, Carlisle J, Eberhart LHK, Kranke P, Trivella M, Lee A , Bennett MH. Prediction models for the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting [protocol]. Cochrane Database Systematic Review 2014, Issue 9. CD011318.

Mu J, Lee A, Joynt GM. Pharmacological agents for the prevention of delirium after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Anaesth Intens Care 2014;42:120

Mu JL, Lee A, Leung PPN, Chiu CH, Underwood MJ, Joynt GM. Comparative performance of three risk prediction models for delirium in the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery and association with fast-track failure. Intensive Care Med 2014;40(Suppl 1):S292





2013

Lee A, Chan SKC, Gin T. "Opioid Requirements and Responses in Asians".Culture, Brain & Analgesia Understanding and Managing Pain in Diverse Pupulations.? Ed. by Mario Incayawar, Knox Todd.? United States of America:Oxford University Press. 2013;334-348.

Ngan Kee WD, Lee A.? "Multi-Dimensional Response-Probability-Dose Curves for Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine Epidural Labour Analgesia". Anaesthesia 2013;68;368-376.

Lee A, Zhu F, Underwood MJ, Gomersall CD.? "Fast-Track Failure After Cardiac Surgery: External Model Validation and Implications to ICU Bed Utilization".? Critical Care Medicine 2013;41;1205-1213.

Ngan Kee WD, Khaw KS, Ng F, Lee A.? "Determination and Quantification of the Interaction of Local Anaesthetics and Lipophilic Opioids Administered Intrathecally for Labour Analgesia". International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 2013;22;S6.

Gin T, Lee A, Chiu CCP, Chui PT, Samy W.? "Active Smokers and Passive Exsmokers Have Increased Risks of Postoperative Morbidity After Major Elective Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study". European Journal of Anaesthesiology2013;30;236. 17AP1-9.

Lee A, Gin T, Chui PT, Tan PE, Chiu CH, TAM TP, Samy W.? "The Accuracy of Urinary Continine Immunoassay Test Strip as an Add-On Test to Self-Reported Smoking Before Major Elective Surgery".? Nicotine & Tabacco Research 2013;15;10;1690-1695.


Nicholson A, Lewis SR, Lee A, Smith AF, Coldwell CH. Different formats and timing of educational interventions for surgical patients [protocol]. Cochrane Database Systematic Review2013, Issue 12. CD010889.






2012

Chiu CH, Lee A, Chui PT.? Cancellation of Elective Operations on the Day of Intended Surgery in a Hong Kong Hospital: Point Prevalence and Reasons.? Hong Kong Med J 2012;18:5-10.


Ho AMH, Dion PW, Yeung JHH, Joynt GM, Lee A, Ng CSH, Chang A, So FL, Cheung CW.? Simulation of Survivorship Bias in Observational Studies on Plasma to Red Blood Cell Ratios in Massive Transfusion for Trauma.? British Journal of Surgery 2012;99:132-139.


Li X, Karmakar MK, Lee A, Kwok WH, Critchley LAH, Gin T.? Quantitative Evaluation of The Echo Intensity of The Median Nerve and Flexor Muscles of The Foreman in The Young and The Elderly.? The British Journal of Radiology 2012;85:e140-e145.


Lee A, Chui PT, Chiu CH, Gin T, Ho AMH.? The Cost-Effectiveness of an Outpatient Anesthesia Consultation Clinic before Surgery: A Matched Hong Kong Cohort Study.??Perioperative Medicine 2012;1:3.


Zhu F, Lee A, Chee YE. Fast-track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients. Cochrane Database Systematic Review 2012, Issue 10. CD003587


Garner AA,?Lee A, Weatherall A. Physician staffed helicopter emergency medical service dispatch via centralised control or directly by crew-case identification rates and effect on the Sydney paediatric trauma system.?Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med?2012; 20:82






2011


Li W, Joynt GM, Lee A, Du B, Leung PPN, Peng J, Gomersall CD, Hu XY, Yap FHY.? Attitudes towards Ethical Problems in Critical Care Medicine: The Chinese Perspective.? Intensive Care Med 2011;37:655-664.
Critchley LAH, Yang XX, Lee A.? Assessment of Trending Ability of Cardiac Output Monitors by Polar Plot Methodology.? Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia? 2011;25:536-546.
Chan CKM, Yu SC, Lee A.? A Systematic Review of the Analgesic Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Epidural Morphine versus Parenteral Morphine after Caesarean Section.? Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 2011;696-697.
Biancofiore G, Critchley LAH, Lee A, Yang XX, Bindi LM, Esposito M, Bisa M, Meacci L, Mozzo R, Filipponi F.? Evaluation of a New Software Version of the FloTrac/Vigileo (Version 3.02) and a Comparison with Previous Data in Cirrhotic Patients Undergoing Liver Transplant Surgery.? Anesth Analg 2011;113:515-522.
Lee A, Kerridge RK, Chui PT, Chiu CH, Gin T.? Perioperative Systems as a Quality Model of Perioperative Medicine and Surgical Care.? Health Policy 2011;102:214-222.
Lee A, Chui PT, Critchley LAH, Chiu CH, Tan P, Gin T.? Classification of Smoking History by Comparison of Urine Cotinine Concentrations in Surgical Patients.? Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 2011;39:963-964.
Critchley L, Yang X, Lee A, Biancofiore G.? Comparison of Two Pulse Contour Software Versions in Cirrhotic Liver Transplant Patients.? Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 2011;39:961-962.
Karmakar MK, Ho AMH, Lee A, Samy W, Chan WC, Gin T.? Thoracic Paravertebral Block Reduces Symptoms and Severity of Chronic Pain and Improves HealthRelated Quality of Life After Breast Cancer Surgery.? Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2011;36:512, A61.



2010

Wong THK, Critchley LAH, Lee A, Khaw KS, Ngan Kee WD, Gin T.? Fentanyl Dosage and Timing When Inserting the Laryngeal Mask Airway.? Anaesth Intensive Care 2010;38:55-64.
Kennedy RR, Lee A, Frizelle FA.? Influence of General Health and Degree of Surgical Insult on Long-Term Survival.? British Journal of Surgery 2010;97:782-788.
Critchley LAH, Lee A, Gin T.? Paradoxical Increases in Patient Responsiveness to LMA Insertion Following a 1.5μg/kg intravenous Induction Dose of Fentanyl With Propofol.? Anaesthesia & Intensive Care 2010;38:590-591.
Ngan Kee WD, Ng FF, Khaw KS, Lee A, Gin T.? Determination and Comparison of Graded Dose-Response Curves for Epidural Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine for Analgesia in Laboring Nulliparous Women.? Anesthesiology 2010;113:445-453.
Lee A, Chan SKC, Chen PP, Gin T, Lau ASC, Chiu CH.? The Costs and Benefits of Extending the Role of the Acute Pain Service on Clinical Outcomes After Major Elective Surgery.? Anesth Analg 2010;111:1042-1050.
Critchley LAH, Lee A, Ho AMH.? A Critical Review of the Ability of Continuous Cardiac Output Monitors to Measure Trends in Cardiac Output.? Anesthesia & Analgesia 2010;111:1180-1192.
Wing YK, Lee A, Wong LY, Leung PC, Zhang L, Pang SY.? Auricular Acupressure for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.? Medical Acupuncture? 2010;22:265-271.
Lee A, Herkner H, Hovhannisyan K, Pace NL.? Airway Physical Examination Tests for Detection of Difficult Airway Management in Apparently Normal Patients.? Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010 2010;12:1-18.
Lee A, Joynt GM, Lee AKT, Ho AMH, Groves M, Vlantis AC, Ma RCW, Fung CSC, Aun CST.? Using Illness Scripts to Teach Clinical Reasoning Skills to Medical Students.? Family Medicine Journal 2010;42:255-261.




2009

Dai Y, Lee A, Critchely LAH, White PF. Does thromboelastography predict postoperative thromboembolic events? A systematic review of the literature. Anesth Analg 2009;108:734-42


Biancofiore G, Critchley LAH, Lee A, Bindi L, Bisa M, Esposito M, Meacci L, Mozzo R,?? DeSomone P, Urbani L, Filipponi F. Evaluation of an uncalibrated arterial pulse contour cardiac output monitoring system in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver surgery. Br J Anaesth 2009;102: 47-54.


Lee A, Joynt GM, Ho, AMH, Keitz S, McGinn T, Wyer PC, EBM Teaching Scripts Working Group. Tips for Teachers of Evidence-based Medicine: Making sense of decision analysis using a decision tree. J Gen Intern Med 2009; 24: 642-8.

Lee A, Fan TYL. Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(2):CD003281. Podcast at: http://cochrane.org/podcasts/review_summaries/2009issue2/issue2_2009_wrist.html


Dai Y, Lee A, Critchley LA, White PF. Use of whole blood coagulation thromboelastographic profile for predicting postoperative deep vein thrombosis after major surgery. Anesth Analg 2009;108:S21

Critchley LA, Lee A, Ho AM. Key steps in trend analysis of data from studies that validate new methods or cardiac output measurement. Anesth Analg 2009;108:S175


Cheng A, Tang K, Yip H, Kwan W, Lee Y, Lee A, Lee KT, Wong K, Gomersall C. Portable chest radiography in mechanically ventilated ICU patients: does synchronizing with end-inspiration improve the quality of films? Crit Care 2009;13 (Suppl 1):P5

Gin T, Lee A, Chui P, Ho A, Chiu CH. Economic analysis of a preanaesthetic clinic in Hong Kong: interim results. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2009; 26 (Suppl 45): 7





2008

Cheung LYS, Joynt GM, Gomersall CD, Lee A.Is The Nurse Workload: Staffing Ratio Associated With the Outcome of Critcally Ill Patients.Intensive Care Med2008;34:S8.
Gruber PC, Gomersall CD, Joynt GM, LEE Anna, Tang GPY, Young AS, Yu FNY, Yu OT.Changes in Medical Students' Attitudes Towards End-of-Life Decisions Across Different Years of Medical Training.J Gen Intern Med2008;23:1608-14.

Ho AMH, Lee A, Joynt GM, Karmakar MK, Myles P.General Anesthesia With or Without Thoracic Epidural Block for Cardiac Surgery - A Decision Analysis.Can J Anesth2008;55:473737.
Kennedy CC, Jaeschke R, Keitz S, Newman T, Montori V, Wyer PC, Guyatt G, Lee A, Ho AMH, Joynt GM.? Tips for Teachers of Evidence-based Medicine: Adjusting for Prognostic Imbalances (Confounding Variables) in Studies on Therapy or Harm.? J Gen Intern Med 2008;23:337-43.

Lee A, Chui PT, Ho AMH, Gin T, Chiu CPC.? Economic Analysis of a Preanaesthetic Clinic in Hong Kong: Preliminary Results.? Anaesth Intensive Care 2008;36:598-599.
Lee A, Chui PT, Critchley LAH.? Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines Use in Anaesthesia.? In: Ching FM ed. Chinese Herbal Drug Research Trends. 1^st ed. 2008;189-200.
Lee A, Ho AMH, Joynt GM.Tips for Teachers of Evidence-based Medicine: Clinical Prediction Rules (CPRs) and Estimating Pretest Probability.J Gen Intern Med2008;23:1261-8.
Li X, Karmakar MK, Lee A, Ho AMH, Critchley LAH, Gin T.? Quantitative Evaluation of the Echogenicity of Peripheral Nerve in Young and Elderly.? Suppl Anesth Analg 2008;106:S-241.
Ngan Kee WD, Lee A, Khaw KS, Ng F, Karmakar MK, Gin T.A Randomized Double-Blinded Comparison of Phenylephrine and Ephedrine Infusion Combinations to Maintain Blood Pressure During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: The Effects on Fetal Acid-Base Status and Hemodynamic Control. Anesth Analg2008;107:1295-1302.
Prasad K, Jaeschke R, Wyer P, Keitz S, Guyatt G, Lee A, Joynt GM, Ho AMH.? Tips for Teachers of Evidence-based Medicine: Understanding Odds Ratios and Their Relationship to Risk Ratios.? J Gen Intern Med 2008;23:635-40.




2007

Ho AMH, Lee A, Joynt GM, Karmakar MK.? Decision Analysis.? Anaesthesia 2007;62:93.
Ho AMH, Lee A, Karmakar MK, Samy W, Lai PB, Ho OA, Cho AMW.? Hemostatic Parameters After Hepatectomy for Cancer.? Hepatogastroenterology 2007;54:1494-8.
Lee A, Chan S, Chen PP, Gin T, Lau ASC.? Economic Evaluation of Acute Pain Service Programs: A Systematic Review.? Clin J Pain 2007;23:726-33.
Lee A, Cooper MC, Craig JC, Knight JF, Keneally JP.? Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Postoperative Renal Function in Adults with Normal Renal Function (Review).? Cochrane Libr 2007;2:1-31.
Lee A, Fan L, Done M.? Stimulation of the Wrist Acupuncture Point P6 for Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: An Update.? Anaesth Intensive Care 2007;35:637.
Li TST, Lee A, Joynt GM.? Importance of Realistic Sample Size Calculations and Why the Next Randomized Trial Needs to be Large and Multicentered.? Crit Care Med 2007;35:675-6.
Richardson SW, Wilson MC, Keitz SA, Wyer PC, Lee A, Ho AMH, Joynt GM.? Tips for Teachers of Evidence-based Medicine: Making Sense of Diagnostic Test Results Using Likelihood Ratios.? J Gen Intern Med 2007;23:87-92.
Wong CM, Critchley LAH, Lee A, Khaw KS, Ngan Kee WD.? Fentanyl Dose-Response Curves When Inserting the LMA Classic^TM Laryngeal Mask Airway.? Anaesthesia 2007;62:654-60.




2006

Lee A, Chan S.? Acupuncture and Anaesthesia.? Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2006;20:303-14.
Lee A, Chui PT, Aun CST, Lau ASC, Gin T.? Incidence and Risk of Adverse Perioperative Events among Surgical Patients Taking Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines.? Anesthesiology 2006;105:454-61.
Lee A, Copas JB, Henmi M, Gin T, Chung RCK.? Publication Bias Affected the Estimate of Postoperative Nausea in an Accupoint Stimulation Systematic Review.? J Clin Epidemiol 2006;59:980-3.
Lee A, Fan LTY, Gin T, Karmakar MK, Ngan Kee WD.? A Systemic Revicw (Meta-Analysis) of the Accuracy of the Mallampati Tests to Predict the Difficult Airway.? Anesth Analg 2006;102:1867-78.
Ngan Kee WD, Khaw KS, Lee A, Ng F.? Randomised Double-Blind Comparison of Multiple Phenylephrine-Ephedrine Combinations During Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Section.? Eur J Anaesthesiol 2006;23:A-684.
Williams GJ, Wei L, Lee A, Craig JC.? Long-Term Antibiotics for Prevention Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Children (Review).? Cochrane Libr 2006;3:1-23.
Yu ALY, Critchley LAH, Lee A, Gin T.? Alfentanil Dosage When Inserting the Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway.? Anesthesiology 2006;105:684-8.




2005

Critchely LAH, Chen Q, Lee A, Thomas GN, Tomlinson B.? A Survey of Chinese Herbal Medicine Intake Amongst Preoperative Patients in Hong Kong.? Anaesth Intensive Care 2005;33:506-13.
Critchley LAH, Peng ZY, Fok BS, Lee A, Phillips RA.? Testing the Reliability of a New Ultrasonic Cardiac Output Monitor, the USCOM, by Using Aortic Flowprobes in Anesthetised Dogs.? Anesth Analg 2005;100:748-53.
Lee A, Chui PT, Aun CST, Gin T, Lau ASC.? Perioperative Complications in Patients Taking Traditional Chinese Medicines Before Major Surgery.? Bull HK Coll Anaesthesiol 2005;14:158.
Lee A, Chui PT, Aun CST, Lau ASC, Chung CK, Gin T.? Coagulation Abnormalities in Surgical Patients Taking Traditional Chinese Medicine.? Anaesth Intensive Care 2005;33:138.
Lee A, Gin T.? Educating Patients About Anesthesia: Effect of Various Modes on Patient's Knowledge, Anxiety and Satisfaction.? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2005;18:205-8.
Lee A, Gin T, Lau ASC, Ng F.? A Comparison of Patients' and Health Care Professionals' Preferences for Symptoms During Immediate Postoperative Recovery and the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting.? Anesth Analg 2005;100:87-93.
Lee S, Chen PP, Lee A, Ma ML, Wong CM, Gin T.? A Prospective Evaluation of Health Related Quality of Life in Chinese Patients with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain. HK Med J 2005;11:174-80.
Wong CM, Critchley LAH, Lee A.? Determination of An Optimal Dose of Fentanyl for Use with Propofol When Inserting the Laryngeal Mask Airway.? Bull HK Coll Anaesthesiol 2005;14:158.



2004

Garner A, Laurence H, Lee A.? Practicality of Performing Medical Procedures in Chemical Protective Ensembles.? Emerg Med Australas 2004;16:108-13.
Ho AMH, Karmakar MK, Lee A, Samy W, Yi J, Lai PBS, Cho A.? The International Normalized Ratio Before and after Hepatectomy.? Can J Anaesth 2004;51:A33.
Khaw KS, Ngan Kee WD, Lee A, Wang CC, Wong ASY, Ng F, Rogers MS.? Supplementary Oxygen for Elective Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anaesthesia: Useful in Prolonged Uterine Incision-to-Delivery Interval?? Br J Anaesth 2004;92:518-22.
Lam K, Karmakar M, Aun C, Lee A.? A Survey of the Cuff Pressure of Endotracheal Tube in Patients Undergoing General Anaesthesia.? HKCA Newsl 2004;13:54.
Lee A, Chui PT, Aun CST, Gin T, Lau ASC.? Possible Interaction Between Sevoflurane and Aloe Vera.? Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:1651-4.
Lee A, Cooper MC, Craig JC, Knight JF, Keneally JP.? Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Postoperative Renal Function in Adults with Normal Renal Function. Cochrane Libr 2004;2:1-29.
Lee A, Done ML.? Stimulation of the Wrist Acupuncture Point P6 for Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting.? Cochrane Libr 2004;3:1-35.
Lee A, Ngan Kee WD, Gin T.? A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prophylactic Intravenous Ephedrine for the Prevention of Hypotension During Spinal Anesthesia for Elective Cesarean Delivery (Erratum on 2004;98;955).? Anesth Analg 2004;98:483-90.
Williams GJ, Lee A, Craig JC.? Long-Term Antibiotics for Prevention Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Children.? Cochrane Libr 2004;1:1-15.
Yu LY, Lee A, Critchley LAH.? The Optimal Dose of Alfentanil Co-Administered with Propofol for LMA Insertion.? HKCA Newsl 2004;13:55.




2003

Ho AMH, Lee A, Chan SKC, Ng SK, Karmakar MK.? The Timing for the Use of Heparinase and Thromboelastogeraphy to Prevent Excessive Bleeding After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Survey.? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2003;17:413-4.
Ho AMH, Lee A, Karmakar MK, Dion PW, Chung DC, Contardi LAH.? Heliox vs Air-Oxygen Mixtures for the Treatment of Patients With Acute Asthma - A Systematic Overview.? Chest 2003;123:882-90.
Ho AMH, Lee A, Ling E, Daly A, Teoh K, Warkentin TE.? Agreements Between the Prothrombin Times of Blood Treated In Vitro with Heparinase During Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) and Blood Sampled After CPB and Systemic Protamine.? Anesth Analg 2003;96:15-20.
Lee A, Chui PT, Gin T.? Educating Patients About Anesthesia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Media-Based Interventions.? Anesth Analg 2003;96:1424-31.
Lee A, Garner A, Fearnside M, Harrison K.? Level of Prehospital Care and Risk of Mortality in Patients with and without Severe Blunt Head Injury.? Injury 2003;34:815-9.
Lee A, Gin T.? From Evidence to Implementation.? In: Tramer MR, ed. Evidence-Based Resources in Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 2^nd ed. London, United Kingdom: BMJ Publishing Group, 2003;167-74.
Myles P, Daly D, Djaiani G, Lee A, Cheng D.? A Systemic Review of the Safety and Effectiveness of Fast Track Cardiac Anaesthesia.? Anaesth Intensive Care 2003;31:105.
Myles PS, Daly DJ, Djaiani G, Lee A, Cheng DCH.? A Systemic Review of the Safety and Effectiveness of Fast Track Cardiac Anaesthesia.? Anesthesiology 2003;99:982-7.
Ngan Kee WD, Lee A.? Factors Determining Umbilical Artery PH and Base Excess After Caesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anaesthesia.? Anaesth Intensive Care 2003;31:109-10.
Ngan Kee WD, Lee A.? Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Umbilical Arterial pH and Standard Base Excess after Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anaesthesia.? Anaesthesia 2003;58:125-30.
Shen J, Joynt GM, Critchley LAH, Tan IKS, Lee A.? Survey of Current Status of Intensive Care Teaching in English-speaking Medical Schools.? Crit Care Med 2003;31:293-8.




2002

Garner A, Crooks J, Lee A, Bishop R.? Efficacy of Prehospital Critical Care Teams for Severe Blunt Head Injury in the Australian Setting.? Injury 2002;32:455-60.
Ho AMH, Dion PW, Karmakar MK, Lee A.? Estimating With Confidence the Risk of Rare Adverse Events, Including Those With Observed Rates of Zero.? Reg Anesth Pain Med 2002;27:207-10.
Ho AMH, Lee A, Ling E, Daly A, Teoh K, Warkentin TE.? Comparing INR's Measured During (On a Heparinase-Threated Sample) and After CPB.? Can J Anaesth 2002;44:A44.
Khaw KS, Ngan Kee WD, Wong M, Ng F, Lee A.? Spinal Ropivacaine for Cesarean Delivery: A Comparison of Hyperbaric nad Plain Solutions.? Anaesth Analg 2002;94:680-5.
Lee A, Chui PT, Gin T.? The Use of Video and Printed Information for Patient Education Before Anaesthesia: A Systematic Review.? Anaesth & Intensive Care 2002;30:694.
Lee A, Gin T.? Applying the Results of Quantitative Systematic Reviews to Clinical Practice.? Anaesth Analg 2002;94:372-7.
Lee A, Ngan Kee WD, Gin T.? A Quantitative, Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Ephedrine Versus Phenylephrine for the Management of Hyptension During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery.? Anaesth Analg 2002;94:920-6.
Lee A, Ngan Kee WD, Gin T.? Prophylactic Ephedrine Prevents Hypotension During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery But Does Not Improve Neonatal Outcome: A Quantitative Systematic Review.? Can J Anaesth 2002;49:588-99.
Roby H, Lee A, Hopkins A.? Safety of Air Travel Following Acute Myocardial Infarction.? Aviat Space Environ Med 2002;73:91-6.




2001

Garner A, Crooks J, Lee A, Bishop R.Efficacy of Prehospital Critical Care Teams for Severe Blunt Head Injury in the Australian Setting. Injury 2001;32:455-60.
Garner A, Lee A, Harrison K, Schultz CH.? Comparative Analysis of Multiple-Casualty Incident Triage Algorithms.? Ann Emerg Med 2001;38:541-8.
Joynt GM, Gomersall CD, Tan P, Lee A, Cheng CAY, Wong ELY.? Prospective Evaluation of Patients Refused Admission to An Intensive Care Unit: Triage, Futility and Outcome.? Intensive Care Med 2001;27:1459-65.
Lee A, Chui PT.? What Outcomes Should Be Measured After Anaesthesia?? Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2001;15:531-40.
Lee A, Ngan Kee WD, Gin T.? Vasopressors in the Management of Hypotension during Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Section: A Meta-Analysis.? Anaesth Intensive Care 2001;29:665.




2000

Joynt GM, Gomersall CD, Lee A, Buckley TA, Tan P.? Factors Associated With Triage Decisions for Admission to Intensive Care.? Intensive Care Med 2000;26:S323.
Joynt GM, Yap FHY, Wong ELY, Lee A, Ho OM, Buckley TA, Chan C.? Family satisfaction with the dying process of relatives in an intensive care unit.? SA Resp J 2000;6:99.

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