摘要:近些年来，环境中的微塑料污染引起了全世界的广泛关注。微塑料具有比表面积大、吸附力强等特点，其易与环境中的典型污染物（如有机污染物和重金属）相互作用，改变这些污染物的环境行为。明确微塑料对有机污染物和重金属的吸附解吸作用过程和机制，对于明确有机污染物和重金属的环境行为及毒性效应的相应变化具有重要的意义。本文系统综述了微塑料对有机污染物和重金属吸附解吸作用的研究进展，着重从微塑料性质（类型、形貌特征、表面官能团、极性、吸附位点、结晶度、老化程度）、污染物性质（表面官能团、疏水性、极性、浓度、形态等）以及环境因素（温度、pH、盐度、离子强度、表面活性剂、微生物膜）3个方面，系统分析了微塑料对典型污染物吸附解吸的作用过程和机理。微塑料对有机污染物和重金属的吸附解吸主要受表面吸附、孔隙填充、络合作用以及疏水作用等的影响。微塑料对污染物的吸附动力学绝大部分符合动力学（准）二级模型，部分符合一级动力学；吸附等温线基本符合Frendlich模型、Langmuir模型和Henry模型，部分符合线性模型和复合模型。未来应加强微塑料对一些新型污染物吸附解吸方面的研究工作，进一步明确微塑料与典型污染物之间相互作用的过程和机理，并建立相关的数据库和模型。希望为后续的微塑料吸附解吸典型污染物的相关研究提供借鉴与参考，也为科学地认识微塑料的环境行为提供依据。
关键词:微塑料/
有机污染物/
重金属/
吸附/
解吸
Abstract:In recent years, microplastic pollution in the environment has attracted attention worldwide. The large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity of microplastics lead to interactions with typical environmental contaminants (such as organic pollutants and heavy metals), thereby changing the environmental behavior of these pollutants. It is important to identify the adsorption and desorption processes and mechanisms of organic pollutants and heavy metals on microplastics to better understand the corresponding changes in the environmental behavior and toxic effects of these substances. This paper reviews the adsorption and desorption of organic pollutants and heavy metals by microplastics. The processes and mechanisms of adsorption and desorption of typical pollutants on microplastics are discussed from three aspects:microplastic properties (types, morphology, surface functional groups, polarity, adsorption sites, crystallinity, and aging degree), pollutants properties (surface functional groups, hydrophobicity, polarity, and concentration), and environmental factors (temperature, pH value, salinity, ionic strength, surfactant, and biofilm). The adsorption and desorption of organic pollutants and heavy metals by microplastics are mainly affected by surface adsorption, pore filling, complexation, and hydrophobicity. The adsorption kinetics of microplastics for pollutants mostly conformed to the kinetic (quasi) second-order model, but some conformed to the first-order model. The adsorption isotherms largely conformed to the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Henry models, and some conformed to the linear and composite models. In the future, research on the adsorption and desorption of new pollutants by microplastics should be expanded and the processes and mechanisms of interaction between microplastics and typical pollutants should be further clarified to establish relevant databases and models. This review provides a reference for follow-up research on the adsorption and desorption of typical pollutants by microplastics and a scientific basis for understanding the environmental behavior of microplastics.
Key words:Microplastics/
Organic pollutants/
Heavy metals/
Adsorption/
Desorption
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