摘要:黄芪是我国大宗中药材的典型代表，目前对于有机黄芪养分需求及施肥管理措施研究较少，且符合有机种植的有机肥、矿物肥、微生物肥配施鲜有报道。本文通过田间试验研究了不施肥（CK）、化肥（C）、有机肥（O）、有机肥+矿物肥（OM）、有机肥+矿物肥+微生物肥（OMD）等5个肥料处理对有机黄芪各器官中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌等9种矿质养分元素吸收、积累、分配的影响。结果表明：在黄芪生长期内，黄芪各器官中9种矿质元素的含量动态因肥料处理不同而存在差异。黄芪根系各元素积累规律均呈现逐渐增加的趋势，茎叶中各元素呈现先升高后降低的积累动态趋势。5种肥料对比分析发现，单施化肥能促进黄芪茎叶对养分的吸收。而有机肥+矿物肥+微生物肥（OMD）能显著促进黄芪根系对氮、钾、铁、锰、铜、锌的吸收和积累，促进茎叶对磷的吸收和积累；与其他处理相比促进了9种养分向茎叶的分配，为黄芪地上部生长提供更多营养。总体而言，有机肥+矿物肥+微生物肥（OMD处理）能有效促进黄芪对多种矿质养分元素的积累与分配，这可能是该处理下有机黄芪高产优质的生理基础。
关键词:有机黄芪/
肥料处理/
养分吸收/
有机肥/
微生物肥
Abstract:Milkvetch (Astragalus membranaceus) is a staple herbal medicine in China. Few studies have investigated the nutrient requirements and fertilization management of organic milkvetch, and there are only a few reports on the proportioning and application of organic, mineral, and microbial fertilizers, which conform with organic cultivation. In this study, Mongolian milkvetch (Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus) was subjected to five treatments: no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer (C), organic fertilizer (O), organic fertilizer + mineral fertilizer (OM), and organic fertilizer + mineral fertilizer + microbial fertilizer (OMD). The effects of different fertilizer treatments on the absorption, accumulation, and allocation of nine mineral nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc) were systematically studied in the organs of organic Mongolian milkvetch. The results showed that the contents of nine mineral elements in various organs of Mongolian milkvetch varied with different fertilizer treatments. The accumulation of various elements in the roots of Mongolian milkvetch showed a gradually increasing trend, and the elements in the stems and leaves showed a dynamic trend, increasing at first and then decreasing. The application of chemical fertilizer effectively promoted the accumulation of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in the stems and leaves of Mongolian milkvetch. Organic fertilizer combined with mineral and microbial fertilizers significantly promoted the accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in the roots and promoted the accumulation of phosphorus in the stems and leaves. During the 180-day growth period after transplanting, organic fertilizer combined with mineral and microbial fertilizers performed best in all fertilization treatments. Compared with other treatments, the OMD treatment promoted the distribution of nine nutrients to the stems and leaves and provided more nutrients for growth. In summary, organic fertilizer combined with mineral and microbial fertilizers can effectively promote the accumulation and allocation of mineral nutrients in Mongolian milkvetch. This may represent the physiological basis for high yield and high-quality organic Mongolian milkvetch. However, the physiological mechanisms need further study.
Key words:Organic milkvetch/
Fertilizer treatment/
Nutrient absorption/
Organic fertilizer/
Microbial fertilizer
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