摘要:连作障碍作为现代农业生产中较普遍的问题，在药用植物栽培生产中表现尤为严重，据统计约70%以块根类入药的药用植物在种植过程中都存在严重的连作障碍问题。连作障碍已经成为制约药用植物品质和发展的关键性因素。本研究从药用植物连作障碍问题研究现状出发，分析了当前药用植物连作障碍形成的三大共性问题，即根系分泌物诱导根际土壤酸化、根际微生物群落结构失衡和植株病毒病严重，具体体现在：根系分泌物诱导根际土壤微生物差异性演化、土传病原菌的化感互作、根际微生物区系的失衡加大土壤酸化、根际病原菌增多和有益菌减少导致的土存真菌病害加重、病毒病伴生和发展。并分析了土壤灭菌法、功能微生物调控、作物多样性栽培和生物质炭改良的根际调控策略在减缓药用植物连作障碍中的潜在作用。作者呼吁从事连作障碍研究的工作者应重视从根际生态学角度出发，以土壤食物网为切入点，应用现代系统生物学和化学生态学技术与方法，全面系统探究根系分泌物介导下植物-土壤-微生物的相互作用过程与机制，并着重关注土壤线虫和土壤病毒在连作障碍发生发展中的生态位关系，以深入阐明连作介导土壤酸化的生态学机制和病原菌响应根系分泌物的协同进化机理，在此基础上，采用多种根际调控相结合的策略减缓连作障碍问题，全面考虑经济、社会和生态效益，做到"生态预防为主、综合治理为要"。
关键词:药用植物/
连作障碍/
化感作用/
土传病害/
根际互作/
根际调控
Abstract:The consecutive monoculture problem, also known as replant disease, is a common disorder from modern agricultural practices. It has been reported that more than 70% of medicinal plants, especially those tuberous roots, have been affected. This disease has become a key factor restricting the quality and development of medicinal plants. This study analyzed three common problems with the formation of continuous cropping obstacles in medicinal plants, which includes the acidification of rhizosphere soil induced by root exudates, microbial community structure imbalance in the rhizosphere, and the severity of plant virus disease. The primary factors include:differentiation and evolution of microorganisms mediated by root exudates in rhizosphere soil, allelopathic interactions of soil-borne pathogens, soil acidification induced by rhizosphere bacterial community imbalance, increased rhizosphere soil-borne pathogens, decrease of beneficial microorganisms aggravating soil fungal diseases, and concomitant development of viral diseases. We analyzed the potential advantages of new rhizosphere management strategies on abating continuous cropping obstacles such as soil sterilization, microbial fertilizer application, diverse crop cultivation, and biochar management. This study recommended researchers to focus on rhizosphere ecological processes in continuous cropping obstacles by selecting the soil food web as the starting point, utilizing modern system biology and chemical ecology technology to analyze the interaction and mechanisms among plant-soil-microorganisms mediated by root exudates under continuous monoculture regimes. Therefore, we need to focus on the niche relationship between soil nematodes and viruses during the occurrence and development of continuous cropping obstacles, and elucidate the ecological mechanisms of soil acidification mediated by continuous cropping, as well as the co-evolution mechanism of pathogens responding to root exudates. Furthermore, several strategies can be combined to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles. Overall, we should consider the economic, social, and ecological benefits to achieve "prevention-oriented" and "comprehensive management".
Key words:Medicinal plants/
Continuous cropping obstacle/
Allelopathy/
Soil-borne pathogens/
Rhizosphere interactions/
Rhizosphere management
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